Do you know the difference between Ni-MH battery and lithium-ion battery?

Generally, there are two kinds of chargeable batteries: lead-acid battery and alkaline battery. The batteries of nickel cadmium (NiCd), nickel-metal hydride (NiMH) and lithium-ion (Li – Ion), which are currently used are alkaline batteries.

Valve control type lead acid batteries and maintenance-free lead-acid batteries basic structure as shown in figure 1. It is composed of positive and negative plate, diaphragm, electrolyte, safety valve, air plug, shell and other parts. Positive plate of the active material is lead dioxide (PbO2), the active material on the negative plate for cavernous pure lead (Pb). The electrolyte by distilled water and made from pure sulfuric acid according to certain proportion. Battery load after a certain density of the electrolyte in the slot, due to the electrochemical reaction, between positive and negative plates produces electromotive force of about 2.1 V.

New lead-acid batteries used for the first time, must be full of electricity. If use 0.1 C charging rate, it will take about 55 ~ 75 hours. Battery normal use after put the electricity, should immediately to recharge. Usually adopt the method of grading constant current charging method are: (1); (2) low pressure constant voltage charging (load);(3) the fast charging method. Quick charge at the beginning of the charging time not more than five hours, normal charging time can be shortened to 1 hour or so.

Nickel cadmium battery NiCd battery positive plate on the active material is composed of nickel oxide powder and graphite powder, graphite, do not participate in chemical reactions, its main function is to enhance electrical conductivity. Active substance on the negative plate is composed of cadmium oxide powder and iron oxide powder, the function of ferric oxide powder is to cadmium oxide powder had a higher diffusibility, prevent caking, and increase the capacity of the plate. Active material wrapped in perforated steel belt, respectively after extrusion forming becomes a positive and negative plate of the battery. Plate with alkali hard rubber insulation between stick or perforated PVC corrugated board. Usually use potassium hydroxide electrolyte solution. Compared with other battery, NiCd battery self-discharge rate (i.e., the rate of battery when not in use without charge) is moderate. NiCd batteries in use process, if incomplete discharge and charge, discharge, next time will not be able to let out all the power. Emit 80% power after sufficient electricity, for instance, the battery can only let out 80% of the battery. This is called memory effect. Of course, several full charge/discharge cycle will be NiCd battery returned to normal work. Because of NiCd battery memory effect, if not completely discharge, each section will be before charging the battery discharge below 1 v.

The positive plate material of Ni-MH batteries is NiOOH, and negative plate is hydrogen absorbing alloys. Usually electrolyte is aqueous solution with 30% KOH, and adding a small amount of NiOH. Porous vinylon non-woven fabric or nylon nonwoven fabric, etc. is used as diaphragm. NiMH batteries are cylindrical or cuboid.

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