What are the hazards and disposal methods of used batteries?

This paper introduces the harm of waste batteries to human health. In the disposal of used batteries, recycling and reuse is one aspect, and it is necessary to eliminate such pollution from the source. With the improvement of people's understanding level and the establishment of an effective and effective recycling network and system, the pollution problem caused by used batteries will be gradually solved.

First, waste battery pollution and harm

The pollution of used batteries in real life has become a very serious problem, the ordinary dry batteries we use every day. They all contain various metal substances such as mercury, manganese, cadmium, lead, zinc, and nickel. When the used battery is abandoned, the outer casing of the battery will slowly corrode, and the heavy metal substances will gradually penetrate into the water and soil, causing pollution. If people eat the crops produced by contaminated land or drink contaminated water, these toxic heavy metals will enter the human body and slowly deposit, posing a great threat to human health! According to the measurement, the No. 1 battery is rotten in the soil, which can make one square meter of land lose its use value; a button battery can pollute 600,000 liters of water, which is equivalent to a person's lifetime drinking water. The pollution caused by used batteries is amazing. The following highlights the hazards of several metals contained in batteries to humans.

1. Manganese: Excess manganese accumulates in the body and causes neurological dysfunction, which is characterized by a general dysfunction. The heavier ones have two legs, the language is monotonous, the expression is dull, feelings are indifferent, often accompanied by mental symptoms.

2. Zinc: The salt of zinc can precipitate proteins and stimulate the membrane mucosa. When the concentration in water exceeds 10-50millis/l, there is a risk of cancer, which may cause chemical pneumonia.

3.Lead: lead mainly ACTS on the nervous system, blood system, digestive system and liver, kidney and other organs can inhibit the synthesis of hemoglobin metabolic process, also can be applied directly to mature red blood cells, effect on infants and young children, it will lead to children's physical retardation, chronic lead poisoning can lead to children's mental retardation.

4.Nickel, nickel powder dissolved in the blood, attended the body circulation, has the strong toxicity, can damage the central nervous system, causing blood vessel variation, serious cause cancer.

5. Cadmium, cadmium enters the body of the liver and kidney damage, also can cause bone loose, the person that weigh cause bone deformation.

6. Hg: it is the most worth mentioning in the heavy metal pollutants, the heavy metals, the harm to the human, does not light. Long-term since, our country in the production of dry cells, want to join a poisonous substances - mercury or mercury compounds. Alkaline batteries in China of the mercury content of 1-5%, neutral dry cells was 0.025%.The country each year for the production of dry cells of mercury has obvious neurotoxicity, in addition to the endocrine system and immune system has bad influence. In 1953, took place in Japan's kyushu shocked the world of minamata disease events, the mercury pollution to human beings.

The metal pollution characteristic is not degradation in nature, only by purifying effect, can eliminate the pollution. Heavy metal pollution, threatening the health of human beings, if human neglect the control of heavy metal pollution, will eventually swallow the bitter legacy of the brewed, therefore, strengthen the recycling of waste batteries is more important.

Second, the recycling of waste batteries

The recycle of waste battery should have strict procedures:

1. Place special waste battery recycling barrel

2. Personnel door-to-door collection on a regular basis

3. The battery classification

4. Classification and safe storage warehouse

5. To focus on to special treatment after a certain number

6. Use of rare metal processing

In this program, recycling is the first step, no collection, no processing and recycling efforts is the key, good beginning is half done.

Third, the processing of waste batteries

International waste battery disposal methods: there are three types of waste batteries that are commonly used in the world: solidified and buried, stored in waste mines, and recycled.

1. Solidified and buried in waste mine

Waste batteries are generally shipped to specialized toxic and hazardous landfills, but this practice is not only too expensive but also wasteful because there are many useful substances that can be used as raw materials.

2. Recycling

(1)Atmospheric heat treatment method

Atmospheric metallurgical method in the treatment of the waste batteries, there are usually two ways: one is low temperature heating old batteries, can be extracted volatile mercury, at higher temperature recovery of zinc and other heavy metals. Second, under the high temperature roasting waste batteries, make the metal and its oxide volatilization, volatile residue for metallurgical intermediate product or further processing.

(2) The method of vacuum heat treatment

Vacuum heat treatment method needs sorting out the nickel cadmium battery in the waste batteries, waste batteries in a vacuum heating and evaporation of mercury in the bottom, can be recycled, and then the remaining raw material grinding, metallic iron were extracted with a magnet, and extracted from the remaining powder of nickel and manganese.

(3) Wet processing method

Waste battery is wet processing technology is based on the principle of battery in metals and their compounds, soluble in acid, in addition to the lead battery, all kinds of battery are dissolved in the sulfuric acid, and then draws support from all kinds of metal ion resin extracted from solution, in this way get pure raw material heat treatment method.

Fourth, the understanding of waste batteries harm

Waste battery pollution is serious, but has not been enough attention. People's handling of waste battery normally with a throw, most people will think that this is very normal. Perhaps most people will ask: "is such a little thing for the earth, can have what fantastic! Still say what damage?"So deal with used batteries is the biggest difficulty in the current knowledge level of technical and economic difficulties, in the final analysis, or associated with understanding.

The recycling of used batteries is a major event for the benefit of the country and the people. We will establish a comprehensive and effective recycling network and system, strengthen publicity and guidance, and scientifically understand the impact of waste batteries on the environment. Encourage citizens to actively participate in the recycling of waste batteries. At the same time as the after-treatment of used batteries, it is also necessary to make efforts from the source, requiring manufacturers to gradually reduce the mercury content in the battery, and finally prohibit the addition of mercury to the battery, and gradually phase out the cadmium-containing batteries.

The page contains the contents of the machine translation.