What are the types of cathode materials for lithium-ion battery?

First, the types of cathode materials

The negative pole of lithium-ion battery is made of carbon material or non-carbon material of negative pole active material, adhesive and additive mixed to make paste uniformly daubed on both sides of copper foil, through drying and rolling. Cathode material is the main body of lithium-ion battery to store lithium, which makes lithium-ions embedded and released in the charging and discharging process. When a lithium battery is charged, lithium atoms in the positive electrode ionize into lithium ions and electrons, and lithium ions move to the negative electrode to synthesize lithium atoms with electrons. During discharge, lithium atoms ionize from the negative surface of the graphite crystal to lithium ions and electrons, and synthesize lithium atoms at the positive electrode.

The cathode material mainly affects the first efficiency and recycling performance of lithium battery. The performance of the cathode material also directly affects the performance of lithium battery. The cathode material accounts for about 5-15% of the total cost of lithium battery. The types of cathode materials include carbon negative electrode and non-carbon negative electrode. From a technical perspective, the future lithium ion battery anode materials will present the characteristics of diversity. With the progress of technology, the current lithium ion battery anode materials have been developed from single artificial graphite to natural graphite, mesophase carbon microspheres and artificial graphite, with soft carbon/hard carbon, amorphous carbon, lithium titanate, silicon-carbon alloy and other cathode materials coexist.

Second, technical types of cathode materials

Cathode materials are mainly divided into the following three categories: carbon materials (graphite), metal oxide materials and alloy materials. Good cathode material should meet the following requirements: high specific energy, low electrode potential relative to lithium electrode; good reversibility of charge-discharge reaction; good compatibility with electrolyte and binder; small specific surface area (<10m2/g); high vibration density (>2.0g/cm3); good dimensional and mechanical stability during lithium implantation; abundant resources and low prices; stable in the air, non-toxic side effects, etc.

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