Electric car development conditions of Europe and the United States

The United States: Tesla and those "net matter"

When it comes to electric cars in the United States, Tesla motors is indispensable. Tesla and other electric cars can be seen not only on the streets of big cities, but also on the highways far away from cities. The shuttling of these figures is inseparable from the promotion of electric cars by the United States government.

Elaborate the foreign electric car development status

First is the construction of charging station network. Tesla, for example, From San Francisco to San Diego (Google map shows a dual distance of 502 miles, 1 mile = 1.6 km) of 101 a total of 21 building charging stations along the road, or an average of 38.4 kilometers with a charging station.

In addition, more than 30,000 places are equipped with charging sockets, some of which are set up by shopping center and large chain stores to attract customers. They are often located in the parking lot, and are located in the priority position next to the parking space for the disabled.

A charging station is built at an appropriate distance on the expressway. Each charging station has a conventional 240-volt charger, which takes 4 hours to charge, and a 480-volt dc quick charging device, which takes about 15 to 30 minutes to charge each time as required. Highway 5 now has a charging station every 25 to 50 miles in both states. Other major highways are also building charging stations close enough.

California has the nation's largest number of public charging stations, accounting for more than one-fifth of the total. California is also implementing a plan called the West Coast Electric Highway to link up with highway 5 charging stations in Washington and Oregon. When the program is complete, electric cars will be able to drive from Canada in the north to the Mexican border in the south.

Many states in the United States offer preferential policies for the construction of charging stations. In Oregon, 35% of the cost of investing in a charging station is tax-deductible. Maryland offers a 20% tax break and a 50% rebate on the cost of a home's plug-in socket, private-invested charging station and additional charging facilities at a gas station, up to $900, $5,000 and $7,500, respectively.

Tesla has launched A new mode of battery replacement pilot. It only takes 90 seconds to replace the entire battery pack, and it does not take three minutes to remove the battery isolation cover. It takes less time to fill up the oil than Audi a-8, and the cost is similar to that of luxury cars. A growing number of new charging stations look set to give electric cars a further boost.

The Netherlands, another pioneer in electric cars

"The red light district of Amsterdam is filled with countless bicycles, windmills, tulips, and colorful wooden shoes that fill the streets." the Netherlands' English word for low-lying land is really the highlands that attract tourists from all over the world.

With more than 16 million people and 18 million bicycles, the Netherlands is a veritable bicycle kingdom. Since 2011, the Dutch government has vigorously promoted electric vehicles through various tax exemptions and public charging piles. As of January 1, 2016, the electric car ownership in the Netherlands was 211,000, accounting for one-fortieth of the total car ownership. Electric cars account for about one twentieth of all electric cars and the rest are hybrids. In the near future, electric cars and bicycles will become another feature of the Netherlands.

The Netherlands is gas production big country, its natural gas development in the world's top five. Now in the Netherlands, 61% of electricity from natural gas power generation, 23% of coal, 12% comes from renewable energy andspecial energy. Dutch goal is that by 2040, all the cars are driven by renewable energy, such as wind, solar, biomass, etc. This is a magnificent goal. And over the past few years, the Netherlands has moved quickly toward that goal.

It is interesting to note that in this share of electric vehicles, pure electric vehicles accounted for only about 13%.More than 80% of the electric car is a plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV Plug in Hybrid Electric Vehicle) and increase the electric car (EREV Extended – Range Electric Vehicle).In the pure electric car sales ranked first in terms of Tesla's Models.

In order to popularize electric cars, the most important thing is that the Dutch government spared no effort to build public charging piles, especially quick charging piles, which will make BEV charging more and more convenient and reduce people's anxiety about BEV's endurance. In addition, the increasingly strict tax exemption policy for cars makes it more and more difficult for PHEV to meet the tax exemption standard. Sales of BEV will catch up with PHEV in the future. The Netherlands is set to become a demonstration market for electric cars in the near future.

The world's largest electric car market was in Norway

Many link privileged celebrity also crazy

The Norwegian electric car market began in 2010. The Nissan leaf is now the market leader in Norway's electric car market with a 40% market share. The electric cars that are ubiquitous on Oslo's streets have become commonplace means of transport. In fact, the popularity of electric cars in Norway can be attributed to the government's various incentive policies, which have been applied in the purchase, use and construction of supporting facilities of electric cars.

Buying electric cars in Norway, for example, is exempt from registration and VAT, as well as from road taxes. Drivers using electric cars to commute to work in Norway can even use dedicated bus lanes. It's a lot quicker to use a bus lane than it is to get caught in a traffic jam during rush hour. Not only that, electric car drivers can also use parking spaces free of charge in public places...

Again, for example, the Tesla model S, which costs 75,000 Euros ($101,000), is exempt from taxes of 91,000 Euros ($122,500), according to calculations by the professional website www.bilnorge.no. You know, Norway is also the first stop of Tesla's European market.

For such a "privilege" of money, the European association of automobile manufacturers has this statement: Norway is the biggest, electric cars European countries with the most preferential policies.

Celebrity role models also play a role. In September 2013, crown prince Haakon of Norway bought a Tesla model S pure electric car, which led thousands of people to follow suit. In September of that year, electric cars won the first place in new car registration.

Of course, all this thanks to Norway profound culture of environmental protection. Although it is one of the top oil exporters in the world, but its oil supply was extremely "stingy" and dearer oil. In fact, most of the energy comes from Norway hydroelectric power.

Can China copy the Norwegian model? It may not be workable. Because of the high discount or subsidies unsustainable, even rich, such as Norway, also set the limit for high tax breaks, temporarily only until 2017.Preferential policies once cancelled, consumers will buy electric cars? Norwegian electric vehicle association survey is pessimistic: 69% said no, only 16% said they would. Norway electric vehicle association says, want to let more people to buy electric cars, the most important thing is to make electric cars have a longer range and faster and more convenient way of charging, which is really soft rib of the electric vehicle.

At present, the electric car's status as a "privilege" is more and more trouble to Norway. Such as the Norwegian government allows electric cars to use bus lanes, cause the clogging in rush hour bus lanes, hinder the operation of the bus, bus passengers traveling. As a result, the Norwegian people want the government to ban the electric car use these lanes.

France, the European market leader in electric cars

France, more than 6600 people, is the largest country in the western area. Itsspecial power accounted for nearly 80% of the power source. Tourism industry is a major economic pillar of France, and the development of electric cars, car is driven byspecial power, can reduce energy dependence, and can protect the environment, protect and strengthen the attraction of the tourism industry.

From the absolute number, France is the highest electric car sales in Europe. From share for Norway is the champion. French carmaker committee (CCFA) released data show that the total sales of 1.91 million cars in France in 2015, the electric car sales to 17266 vehicles, accounted for about 1%.Compared with 2014, the electric car sales growth of 64%.

Why is it good electric car development in France?

The biggest reason is that the government in the electric car purchase subsidies support. France, like China, the government provides direct money subsidies, but the amount of subsidies and carbon emissions per kilometer, rather than on pure electric power driving mileage. And the requirements of carbon emissions is only pure electric vehicles can be satisfied. In view of the pure electric vehicles, government subsidies amount cannot exceed 27% of the car tax price. But for other than carbon 20 grams of cars, the proportion fell to 20%.

In terms of subsidy amount, France's eu 6300 is much less than China's subsidy of more than 100,000. However, if you consider the purchase and use fee, the subsidy measures in France are more powerful, and if you install a charging pile at home, you will save the trouble of refueling.

The second reason is that more and more advanced charging network. The stock of 38 million France more than 6600 people, cars, public charging pile has more than ten thousand. The world's highest charging pile of coverage. On the one hand, the French government support in terms of charging pile construction, such as in July passed a proposal, through tax cuts to encourage companies to invest in charging pile.

On the other hand, testing the electric car rental company also speed up the construction on the charging pile, combination, accelerate the construction of the charging pile of France. The French government's ambition is to 2030, all the charging pile number of France's 7 million! And many companies have begun to study brought by the spread of electric vehicles and charging pile grid load problem, waste battery business model, etc. Strength of the French government subsidies for electric vehicles has also been gradually weakened, but from the point of the current momentum, electric vehicles can be slowly into fewer subsidies on track.

In addition to the French government had planned a decree, and unified the country's electric vehicle charging network, to ensure that all electric car owners can be in domestic electric vehicle charging station, and don't have to be restricted to a particular network operator.

Car powerhouses - German electric cars have a lot of staying power

"Beer and football, magnificent cologne cathedral, swan fort like fairy tale, and, of course, German cars."Germany electric car sales, though growing, but the overall than the United States, Norway, Holland, etc., the main reasons are as follows:

First, the German government has not provided for electric car purchase subsidies. In Germany, to buy electric cars only enjoy free car registration tax and a year of car, does not exempt from tax like Norway, also do not like the China provide direct cash subsidies. Registration tax and vehicle tax amount is very small, to average car general dozens of Europe. Said to the Germans,   buy an electric car cost more than the same configuration of gasoline vehicles, can enjoy only dozens of European tax breaks. Although electric cars use cost is lower than gasoline vehicles, but car cost is too high. This is the main reason for the low electric car sales in Germany.

In view of the backward in electric cars, recently, the German finance ministry put forward by the government and automobile industry to 1.2 billion Euros ($1.3 billion) in subsidies. Under the proposal, from 2016 to 2018, during the summer, buy electric cars consumers will be given 5000 Euros in subsidies from the government and automobile industry, buy a hybrid car consumers will receive 3000 Euros in subsidies. Consumers will receive the subsidy on a first-come-first-served basis when they buy electric cars, and no additional subsidy will be provided after the 1.2 billion euro is fully distributed.

The German finance ministry also advised to 300 million Euros in subsidies to encourage the construction of electric vehicle charging pile. Ms Merkel's goal is that by 2020, the German electric car ownership can reach 100 million units. According to foreign media reports, Germany in 2030 will be banned the sale of the traditional internal combustion engine car, starting from the new car must be registered zero-emission vehicles, the purpose is to achieve in 80 to 95% in 2050 to the carbon dioxide emission reductions targets.

With the deep accumulation of German cars in terms of technology and brand, as well as the vigorous implementation of policies, German electric cars have great momentum.

Japan is a powerful country with both offensive and defensive electric vehicles

Japanese auto makers rely on their technology and cost performance to gain a foothold in the world's major electric vehicle market. In Japan, the base camp, the majority of sales are from local manufacturers, the good development of the local electric car market to ensure its survival space, this is guarding.

Sales of electric cars in Japan were almost zero in 2009, but by the end of 2013, they had reached nearly 30,000. Among them, the annual sales volume of BEV has exceeded 16,000. Recently, the Japanese economy, trade and industry (METI), issued the EV ˙ PHV roadmap ", put forward to 2020, making the Japanese domestic pure electric cars and plug-in hybrids has 1 million cars. In the world electric vehicle technology pattern, Japan is a unique.

Japan's electric car market is one of the world’s largest in terms of both sheer volume and share. Why is Japan's electric car market doing well?

First and foremost, the (purchase + use) cost of electric cars has reached a reasonable level compared with ordinary cars. In addition to direct and expensive financial subsidies, there are various tax incentives. To buy a car in Japan, you have to pay a one-time purchase tax, an annual emission tax and a vehicle tax related to engine displacement. But for electric cars, the purchase tax and emission tax are completely exempted, while the vehicle tax can be exempted by half.

Secondly, in addition to direct subsidies for cars, the Japanese government has also formulated subsidies for companies and individuals to install charging piles and vigorously developed charging pile infrastructure.

Finally, in decreasing the number of gas stations in Japan, this may also be a people to consider buying a factor of electric cars.

But most people will be in the home to install a normal charging pile, use at night time to car battery, will leave out the trouble to find gas stations.

There may be readers think Japan electricity price is cheap, so the electric car sales good. Actually otherwise, in 2011, 65% of Japan's electricity comes from fossil fuels, 17% fromspecial power, hydroelectric power and contribution of 17%, such as solar energy accounts for only 1%.In 2011 after the accident at the Fukushimaspecial power plant,special power plant under the protests of ordinary Japanese quickly shut down. Nuclear power after the gap by fossil fuel fill, affected Japan's electricity prices rising over the past few years. So, Japan's electric car development compared with Europe and other developed countries, has deficiency in power source, which limits its electric car development again. Japan has been very strong sense of urgency. In the early 1970 s, the Japanese government has included the development of electric vehicles in the industries of auto industry planning, and set such as construction and retrofit charging stations for electric vehicles, such as development of new technology of battery plan. There are many models in the global scope, and keep their electric car sales are still Japanese electric vehicles.

From the development history and present situation of electric vehicle power, it is not hard to see that the most important thing for electric vehicles to truly popularize are the battery life and use experience of electric vehicles, which accelerate the interconnectivity of charging infrastructure and build ubiquitous charging station type.

The page contains the contents of the machine translation.