Is lithium-ion battery poisonous or not?

The origin of lithium-ion battery

The first piece of lithium-ion battery in the world was invented in the United States in March of 1973. An oil company engineer used lithium metal as anode and titanium sulfide as cathode. Depending on the positive and negative motion of the lithium-ions, it formed electricity current inside the battery, completed the process of charging and discharging, and made an electrical interaction with outside condition. 

Through the research, the electrical energy storage capacity and charging/discharging time of lithium-ion batteries are greatly superior to the other indicators such as rechargeable batteries, which caused people's great interest, in the 80’s, people prototype to strengthen the transformation of the lithium battery, greatly enhance its stability and volume and production technology, lithium-ion batteries are widely used in mobile digital even electric cars and other fields. But, with the enlargement of the scope of application, the hidden trouble of lithium-ion batteries is also gradually surfaced.

The advantages of lithium-ion battery

1, The voltage platform of lithium-ion battery is high: monomer battery voltage to an average of 3.7 V or 3.2 V, is approximately equal to three nickel cadmium battery or nickel metal hydride batteries in series voltage, easy to battery power team;

2, Compared with normal battery, lithium-ion battery’s energy density is high. With high energy storage density, the current has reached 460-460 wh/kg, is about 6 to 7 times of the lead-acid battery;

3. Lithium-ion battery is lighter than lead-acid battery. In the same volume, the weight of lithium-ion battery is about 1/5-6 of the lead-acid products;

4, lithium battery service life is relatively long, service life can reach more than 6 years, lithium iron phosphate for positive cells in 1 CDOD charged to put, can use the record of 1000;

5, have high power tolerance, including electric cars use lithium-ion phosphate lithium-ion batteries up to 15-30C the ability to charge and discharge, is advantageous for the high strength of starting and accelerating;

6, low self-discharge rate, no memory effect;

7, lithium-ion battery high and low temperature adaptability is strong, can in - 20 ℃, 60 ℃ under the environment of use, through technology on the processing, can be used in - 45 ℃ environment;

8, green environmental protection, regardless of the production, use and scrap, does not contain, and did not produce any poisonous and harmful heavy metals such as lead, mercury, cadmium and material.

The disadvantage of lithium-ion battery

1, the lithium battery has poor safety, there is a risk of explosion.

2, cobalt acid lithium materials of lithium battery can't large current discharge, poor security.

3, lithium batteries must be in order to protect the circuit from the battery discharge be overcharge.

4, high requirement and high cost.

Lithium-ion battery is poisonous or not?

1, electrolyte solution is toxic, electrolyte for organic volatile liquid, and have obvious corrosion resistance, long inhaled volatile gas has damage to respiratory tract.

2, lithium battery by the anode, cathode powder, conductive agent, binder powder, a variety of elements such as electrolyte, organic solution. Cobalt belongs to toxic metals in positive electrode powder, organic dispersant is a toxic organic solvent, and the electrolyte is the strongest component of lithium-ion battery toxic, corrosive, has a direct influence to the human body.

Lithium-ion battery will explore or not if it gets punctured

It depends.

First of all, if not negative analysis lithium (lithium ions are combined with incomplete carbon produce lithium crystal), lithium-ion was in a stable state, not due to the lithium react with air. Even if the formation of lithium, also not be burning. The spontaneous combustion, it is because the battery is damaged

1, metal weapon cause battery short circuit;

2 diaphragm damage, external force damage causes the battery short circuit.

Dc fever when short circuit, causing thermal runaway, thermal runaway in the millisecond time when temperature rise to more than 300 degrees Celsius. Inside the main combustible lithium-ion batteries is electrolyte, in the absence of flame retardants (in fact, each product has a flame retardant), the electrolyte ignition points about 130 degrees Celsius. Are the large electric car accident, in the final analysis are the battery is destroyed, the electrolyte flow and combustion.

But also, technical system, known as lithium ion battery roughly divided into lithium cobalt, lithium manganese, three-yuan, lithium iron, etc., including lithium cobalt and three-yuan thermal runaway of the temperature is below 300 degrees Celsius, about 400 degrees Celsius, lithium manganese lithium iron is higher than 700 degrees Celsius, and recently iron lithium manganese binary products, according to different doping, the thermal runaway critical in 400-400 degrees Celsius. Visible difference is very big, this also is iron lithium is one of the reasons for safety. So, in national standard of iron and lithium, metal prick test is an essential test for safety.

That is to say, to meet the requirements of our country of lithium-ion batteries, after acupuncture is should not be burning and explosion. The experiment does a lot of, there is no objection on the basic, even I met some products still can continue to use after acupuncture. And the problem mentioned by cutting and more expanded destructive, I have also tried this test, battery did not happen the combustion or explosion. In recent years some of the third-party testing, the watchdog to solving plane check whether there is a battery and structure, the standard is whether the unified structure of electrolyte is only one battery, we also opened battery to explain many times, are not presently security issues.

So, many lithium-ion batteries products that meet the national standard, shouldn’t be spontaneous combustion by puncturing. It is because of its chemical properties, as well as the security of the flame retardants. Other products are unable to be guaranteed. Theoretically speaking, metal prick test should be the base of the foundation.

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