What are the types of batteries?

The battery is the source of power for electric vehicles. The types of batteries can be roughly: lead-acid batteries, nickel-hydrogen batteries, nickel-hydrogen batteries, lithium-ion batteries, nickel-cadmium batteries, sodium-sulfur batteries, nickel-zinc batteries, zinc-air batteries and flywheel batteries.

First, according to the use of lead-acid batteries can be divided into:

1. Starter type battery: mainly used in automobiles, motorcycles, ships, ships, etc.

Such as: 6-QA-60AHQ--- for startup.

2, small traction battery: mainly used in electric vehicles, small electric tricycles.

Such as: 6-DZM-10AH

3. Traction type battery: used for electric vehicles, battery carts, battery carts, power supply for industrial and mining electric vehicles.

Such as: 6-DA-150D--- for electric vehicles.

The starting battery is mainly a large current instantaneous discharge, which requires a smooth constant current discharge of the storage battery. Generally, the starting current of the car is three times the current capacity of the battery, and the electric car is generally between 5A-20A.

Second, according to the performance of lead-acid batteries can be divided into:

1. Dry-charged battery: The battery is in a dry, fully charged state.

Such as: 6-QA-100 battery. (Mainly used in cars)

2. Non-dry charge battery: The battery is in a dry semi-charged state.

Such as: 6-Q-135J battery. (Mainly used in cars and ships, power locomotives, etc.)

3, maintenance-free battery: low-lying alloy, only a small amount of maintenance during use, that is, the watering period is extended.

Such as: 55B24LMF type battery. (Mainly used in small cars)

4. Maintenance-free battery: A battery that does not require maintenance and adds pure water during use. (Rich liquid)

Such as: 6-QW-54 type battery (Mainly used in small cars)

5, valve-controlled sealed maintenance-free battery: the use of adsorption-type ultra-fine glass fiber separator and negative plate active material excess design.

Such as: MSE-500 battery. (Mainly used in electric bicycles, UPS backup power

1: Mechanization is easy, speed is faster, uniformity is more guaranteed, and it is conducive to mass production.

2: There is an inconsistent tension between the front side and the side surface, resulting in uneven internal reaction.

3: High coating requirements for pole pieces.

4: The pole piece layer is required to have a certain elasticity, otherwise it may fall off or be broken at the bend.

5: Since the electrode is taken out from the pole piece, there is a problem of electric field distribution. The electrode layer is required to have good electrical conductivity. The key is that the process is difficult to control.

Lead-acid batteries are safe and reliable, cost-effective, and adapt to a wide range of environments. But the specific energy is low (that is, heavy). Lithium batteries have higher specific energy (lighter), but the price is higher, the safety is to be determined, and the application environment should be between 10 and 40 degrees. NIMH batteries are somewhere in between, but they are not currently used.

1. Rechargeable battery (alkaline battery - lead-acid battery)

2. Cycle life (1200 ~ 2000 times - 500 ~ 900 times)

3. Specific energy (150W·h/kg——40W·h/kg)

4. Charging time (2 ~ 4h - fast charge 3 ~ 6h (fast charging technology is not yet mature) slow charge in 8h or more)

5. Charge and discharge energy efficiency (Li-ion battery charge and discharge energy conversion efficiency can be greater than 97% - lead-acid battery charge and discharge energy conversion efficiency is about 80%)

6. Price (higher 24V/10Ah price: 750 ~ 1200 Yuan - lower 24V / 12Ah price: 200 ~ 300 Yuan)

7. Volume (the volume of a small lithium-ion battery is 2/3 of the volume of a lead-acid battery - large)

8. Weight (light weight is only 1/3 to 1/4 of lead-acid battery - heavy)

9. Endurance mileage (power - environmental protection)

10. There is no pollution in production and use (contamination in production - there is a large amount of lead in the lead-acid battery, and if it is improperly disposed after disposal, it will pollute the environment).

11. Lithium-ion battery (charged by constant current to constant voltage method - lithium battery is susceptible to overcharge, deep discharge and short circuit damage)

12. Charging and maintenance (complex, high maintenance costs - simple, low maintenance costs provided)

13. Power supply (provided open circuit power supply is small, more series connection - provide open circuit power supply)

A "lithium battery" is a type of battery using a lithium metal or a lithium alloy as a negative electrode material and using a nonaqueous electrolyte solution. Lithium metal batteries were first proposed and studied by Gilbert N. Lewis in 1912. In the 1970s, MSWhittingham proposed and began researching lithium-ion batteries. Due to the very active chemical properties of lithium metal, the processing, storage and use of lithium metal are very demanding on the environment. Therefore, lithium batteries have not been used for a long time. With the development of science and technology, lithium batteries have become the mainstream.

Lithium batteries can be roughly divided into two categories: lithium metal batteries and lithium ion batteries. Lithium-ion batteries do not contain metallic lithium and are rechargeable. The fifth-generation lithium-metal battery of rechargeable batteries was born in 1996, and its safety, specific capacity, self-discharge rate and performance price ratio are better than lithium-ion batteries. Due to its own high technical requirements, only a few companies in the country are producing such lithium metal batteries.

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