Entering the era of lithium-ion batteries - high-speed rail

The down-line ceremony for the localization of CRRC was held in the ring test base of the Dongjiao Branch of the Beijing Railway Academy, and there is a sample car exhibition for each of the North and South cars. High-speed rail is a popular pronoun. What is the significance of high-speed rail lithium battery application? What is the role of lithium batteries in high-speed rail?

The project started R&D from a low in 2012. Up to now, more than two years have passed, and various types of test ground joints have been met. At the same time, lithium batteries are also first to be used in other rail transit research projects as verification feasibility.

The project represents the highest level of China's high-speed rail, led by the general administration of China ministry of railway, and Changchun rail passenger car and Qingdao Sifang factory represent the North-South high specification, and a unified standard. The north and south car battery cabinets can be quickly interchanged. Lithium battery and nickel-cadmium battery are installed in the same cabinet and external interface.

The battery pack is installed on the local gold, each battery has a capacity of 200Ah; the nominal voltage is 110V. There are 4 sets of battery packs for the whole train. The initial joint adjustment of the whole vehicle has been completed in Changchun. Followed by the general test run and related experiments at the ring iron test base. The vehicle test is expected to be completed by the end of 2016.

First, simply list only a few data. The standard is the North-South car type, so the parameters are the same:

1. Train running speed: 350km/h

2. Grouping form: 8 groups, 4 moves and 4 drags

3. Capacity: 556 people

4. Length, width and height: 209m*3.36m*4.05m

5. Axle weight: 17t

High-speed rail is definitely a synonym for tall. How many mathematical formulas are listed, and how much data can't be intuitively recognized. Therefore, I would like to briefly mention one point: each train of high-speed trains has a design life of more than 30 years. From manufacturing to off-line, the test run mileage is 300,000 kilometers (the first 100,000 kilometers of empty run, the middle 100,000 kilometers load test run, the last 100,000 kilometers manned test run), can be delivered to the owner. The concept of 300,000 kilometers is that a car is running away, so that a high-speed rail is delivered to customers.

It can be imagined that the requirements of a high-speed rail for accessories are absolutely harsh and morbid. The output of the rail transit industry will never be as many as tens of millions of vehicles a year, but the requirements are strict. The quality system implemented is different from the car. The car performs TS16949. The rail traffic is executed by RAMS.+IRIS.

The high-speed rail is rapidly developing. It is no exaggeration to China's rail network, and even the high-speed rail network that is operating and planned. It is the world's leading, attention, leading, no one.

The train is demanding because of his high speed. There have been news reports that there was an accident at a speed of 160km/h and the death rate of the insider was 100%. And this speed in rail transit is only the speed of ordinary express trains. The high-speed rail design has a speed of 380km/h. Therefore, we will often see high-speed rail models such as rail trains 380A/AL; 380B/BL; 380C; 380D. Due to the vast territory of China, the climate difference between the north and the south will be different. Imagine a rail train from Guangzhou to Harbin. The south needs cooling and cooling, and in the north, it needs various kinds of warmth.

All over the terrain varies. The air pressure changes occurring at high speeds when passing cars and tunnels. It is sufficient to shatter all the window glass. Desirable readers can search for themselves. At the beginning of the development of high-speed rail, all the car window smashing rupture occurred when the two cars were interlaced, which is equivalent to the explosion inside the car.

This problem was quickly solved in the hands of our national engineers. The protection of the personal safety in the cabin to the car on the bogie, which is the world's leading air suspension technology. All-aluminum car body, reduce strength while reducing strength. Ensure the body is sealed. Give passengers the most comfortable feeling.

But on the other hand, what about the car? All equipment on the high-speed train is usually hung on the bogie of the undercarriage. A variety of harsh environments and high-speed effects directly face the device. Therefore, the stability, safety and consistency requirements of the equipment are higher.

In general, when the car is in trouble, turn on the fault light and stop to wait for the rescue. Personnel leaving the car body can avoid secondary accidents. However, the orbital armpits are positioned at different levels of accidents based on the length of stay. You have to know that the track can't make you an accident car. Even for a few minutes, the high-speed track is even worse.

To say so much is nothing more than to explain a problem, the reliability and safety of the rail car, the quality requirements for each product component is very high. Second only to the plane that flying in the sky. No one on the ground can run to the right.

In the off-line period, I also did experiments in the Institute of Iron and Steel, and I was fortunate to visit the two columns to mark the off-line ceremony. As a participant, the general situation of the train is just a bunch of personal feelings and experiences. The following is a talk about the use of lithium batteries on high-speed rail.

What is the difference between nickel-cadmium batteries and lithium batteries?

As nickel-cadmium batteries that used on traditional trains.

Advantages:

1. High safety, overcharge and over discharge.

2. Good high and low temperature performance. The temperature range is from -20 ° C to 60 ° C, and discharge can be performed within this range.

3. Affordable price. The number of cycles is about 500 times.

Disadvantages:

1. Low energy density.

2. Nickel cadmium is a heavy metal that pollutes the environment.

3. The memory effect of the nickel-cadmium battery, after repeated several times to maintain the low-capacity discharge, the battery will not work if a larger amount of discharge has to be made.

4. The battery needs regular maintenance, such as adding electrolyte.

5. The self-discharge rate is too large, and the nickel-cadmium battery is 15 to 30% (month).

The standard train uses a lithium battery.

Advantages:

1. High security, not overcharge and over discharge, need to support BMS battery management system.

2. Good high and low temperature performance, the same temperature range of -20 ° C ~ 60 ° C can be used, even -40 degrees can also be low rate discharge.

3. The energy density is high, and the current technology is about three times that of nickel-cadmium batteries. The number of charge and discharge is 3000~10000 times.

4. Little impact on environmental pollution.

5. Free regular maintenance.

6. The self-discharge rate is small. The lithium battery is 2 to 5% (month).

Disadvantages:

The current procurement cost is higher than nickel-cadmium batteries. According to the development of the industry and the expansion of production capacity, there is room for continuous price reduction.

What is the significance of lithium batteries for high-speed rail? What is the role of lithium batteries in high-speed rail?

From the above comparison, it is not difficult to see that the use of lithium batteries for high-speed rail has positive significance.

Any car, even a fuel car, has a battery. The role is self-evident. Although rail trains generally run on the grid and do not burn oil, they still need a backup power source. It is used to supply low voltage power to various system components of the vehicle. For example, Interior lighting when the power outage, using of air condition, the lifting of the charging bow when the train starts.

At present, the two north and south prototypes of the off-line, the North Car Changchun rail passenger car - the local gold is used on the lithium battery. This can also be used as a comparison of the operating parameters with the nickel-chromium battery on the CSR Quartet train. At present, relevant experiments are still under intense in the Institute of Iron and Steel.

The page contains the contents of the machine translation.