Nickel-metal hydride battery VS lithium battery, which is suitable for new energy vehicles?

Today, the industry has passed the era of lead-acid batteries and nickel-cadmium batteries, and is currently in the era of green batteries for nickel-metal hydride batteries and lithium-ion batteries. Nickel-metal hydride battery VS lithium battery is the real life?

On June 25, 2009, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology issued the "New Energy Vehicle Manufacturing Enterprise and Product Access Management Rules", which was officially implemented on July 1. In the “Rules”, new energy vehicles are divided into three different technical stages: start-up, development and maturity. Fuel cell vehicles, hydrogen engine vehicles and DME vehicles are included in the initial stage; lithium-ion battery-powered hybrid passenger vehicles, commercial vehicles, and pure electric vehicles are in the development stage; using lead-acid batteries and nickel-metal hydride the battery's hybrid passenger car is mature. It is worth noting that the lithium battery electric vehicle, which is generally optimistic in the industry, falls behind the hybrid power of nickel-hydrogen battery and is set in the development period.

NiMH battery accelerates forward

As an alternative to the early nickel-cadmium battery, Ni-MHBatteries are the most environmentally friendly batteries, eliminating the use of toxic cadmium and eliminating the environmental pollution caused by heavy metals. NiMH batteries have a large energy density ratio, which means that nickel-hydrogen batteries can effectively extend the operating time of equipment without adding extra weight to digital equipment. Another advantage of nickel-metal hydride batteries is that they greatly reduce the "memory effect" present in nickel-cadmium batteries, which makes nickel-hydrogen batteries more convenient to use.

Why do nickel-metal hydride batteries replace the most favored lithium batteries? In fact, it makes no sense. First, nickel-metal hydride batteries have been on the market since the 1990s, and have been tested for a longer period of time. Secondly, nickel-hydrogen mineral resources are sufficient; once again, there are many domestic manufacturers, and there are more than 100 private enterprises that make nickel-hydrogen batteries in Guangdong alone. Fourth, compared with lithium batteries, nickel-metal hydride batteries are characterized by high safety and are not easy to explode. .

Nickel-metal hydride batteries are currently the most mature secondary batteries in the HEV automotive field. But objectively, there are also some "depressions" in nickel-metal hydride batteries: the refining technology is not mature enough and the cost is too high. There is also a big hidden danger that once it is widely promoted, it will face the problem of recycling in the future. In the long run, nickel-metal hydride batteries will face the strong challenge of lithium-ion batteries, but in the short term, nickel-metal hydride batteries are still promising in the upcoming new energy era.

Lithium battery future star

Since the commercialization in 1991, the entire lithium-ion battery industry has developed rapidly. Among them, polymer lithium-ion batteries are superior to liquid lithium-ion batteries in terms of safety, volume, quality, capacity and discharge performance, and have a wider application range.

At the 5th Beijing International Electric Vehicle Clean Energy Vehicle Exhibition held recently, the reporter found that almost all of the pure electric buses exhibited by the major bus manufacturers used lithium batteries. FAW Bus uses lithium-powered batteries, Zhongda Qingshan pure electric bus, Shandong Haoxing adopts lithium iron phosphate battery, and a variety of lithium batteries including phosphoric acid-based lithium ion electrons and lithium lanthanum phosphate have been fully demonstrated.

Song Jian, executive vice president of the Automotive Engineering Research Institute of Tsinghua University, said that 99% of the global hybrid battery market share is nickel-metal hydride batteries, and the development of nickel-hydrogen battery technology in China is relatively mature. However, the price of nickel is expensive, and the nickel-hydrogen battery is much higher in production cost than the lithium battery. Compared with nickel-metal hydride batteries, the weight of the new-generation lithium battery will be reduced by half, and the storage capacity will be more than doubled. The mileage will be greatly improved after one charge. Moreover, the life of nickel-metal hydride batteries will reach its limit in the next three to five years. In the long run, lithium batteries will become a more powerful source of power for the development of new energy vehicles in the future.

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