What three kinds of wires lithium battery?

A "lithium battery" is a type of battery using a lithium metal or a lithium alloy as a negative electrode material and using a nonaqueous electrolyte solution. Lithium metal batteries were first proposed and studied by Gilbert N. Lewis in 1912. In the 1970s, MSWhittingham proposed and began researching lithium-ion batteries. Due to the very active chemical properties of lithium metal, the processing, storage and use of lithium metal are very demanding on the environment. Therefore, lithium batteries have not been used for a long time. With the development of science and technology, lithium batteries have become the mainstream.

Lithium batteries can be roughly divided into two categories: lithium metal batteries and lithium ion batteries. Lithium-ion batteries do not contain metallic lithium and are rechargeable. The fifth-generation lithium-metal battery of rechargeable batteries was born in 1996, and its safety, specific capacity, self-discharge rate and performance price ratio are better than lithium-ion batteries. Due to its own high technical requirements, only a few companies in the country are producing such lithium metal batteries.

Lithium batteries were first used in pacemakers. The lithium battery has a very low self-discharge rate and a flat discharge voltage, so that the pacemaker implanted in the human body can operate for a long time without recharging. Lithium batteries generally have a nominal voltage higher than 3.0 volts, making them more suitable for use as integrated circuit power supplies. Manganese dioxide batteries are widely used in calculators, digital cameras, and watches.

In order to develop more excellent varieties, various materials have been studied to create an unprecedented product.

In 1992, Sony successfully developed lithium-ion batteries. Its practicality has greatly reduced the weight and volume of portable electronic devices such as mobile phones, notebooks, and calculators.

One red is the positive end of the battery, the black is the negative end, and one is the temperature control detection end. (When the battery temperature is too high, the thermostat on the battery protection plate plays a role in the thermistor, let the battery stop the output, play a protective role)

Some lithium-ion batteries are the third temperature protection line, and some are battery information check lines (such as changing the non-original battery to alert).

Lithium-ion batteries are battery + protection boards. The 3 line will only appear on the protection board, and the battery will always have only 2 lines.

There are two kinds of lithium ion batteries, and the obvious 3.7V is non-phosphorous aluminum and aluminum, which can be directly changed.

The replacement is very simple (note the positive and negative):

1: Remove the original battery pack, and then solder the iron to separate the protection board from the battery.

2: Also remove the protective plate of your new battery and connect the battery to the old protection board.

P+ and P- are connected to the output. B+ is connected to the positive electrode of the battery, and B- is connected to the negative electrode. If it is a multi-section series, the B1 negative pole and the B2 positive pole are connected together, and so on, and the last battery negative pole is connected to Bn-. First solder the wire, and finally connect the battery, do not connect the wrong. If there is no output after completion, remember to use the charger to charge on the charging interface of P+ and P-.

Carbon anode material

The negative electrode materials that have been practically used for lithium ion batteries are basically carbon materials such as artificial graphite, natural graphite, mesocarbon microbeads, petroleum coke, carbon fiber, pyrolysis resin carbon, and the like.

Tin-based anode material

Tin-based anode materials can be classified into tin oxides and tin-based composite oxides. Oxide refers to oxides of various valence metal tins. There are no commercial products.

Nitride

There are also no commercial products.

Alloy

Including tin-based alloys, silicon-based alloys, bismuth-based alloys, aluminum-based alloys, bismuth-based alloys, magnesium-based alloys and other alloys, there are no commercial products.

Nanoscale

Carbon nanotubes, nano-alloy materials

Nano oxide

At present, according to the latest market development trend of lithium battery new energy industry in 2009, many companies have begun to use nano titanium oxide and nano silicon oxide added in the traditional graphite, tin oxide, carbon nanotubes, greatly improve the charge and discharge quantity and charge and discharge times of lithium battery.

Shell characteristics

Lithium, atomic number 3, atomic weight 6.941, is the lightest alkali metal element. In order to improve safety and voltage, scientists have invented materials such as graphite and lithium cobalt oxide to store lithium atoms. The molecular structure of these materials forms a nanoscale fine storage grid that can be used to store lithium atoms. In this way, even if the battery casing is broken and oxygen enters, the oxygen molecules are too large to enter these fine cells, so that the lithium atoms do not come into contact with oxygen to avoid explosion.

Safeguard

Lithium battery cells will begin to produce side effects when they are overcharged to a voltage higher than 4.2V. The higher the overcharge voltage is, the higher the risk. After the lithium battery voltage is higher than 4.2V, the amount of lithium atoms remaining in the positive electrode material is less than half. At this time, the storage cell often collapses, causing a permanent drop in battery capacity. If the charging continues, since the cell of the negative electrode is already filled with lithium atoms, the subsequent lithium metal will accumulate on the surface of the negative electrode material. These lithium atoms grow dendrites from the surface of the negative electrode toward the direction of lithium ions. These lithium metal crystals pass through the separator paper, shorting the positive and negative electrodes. Sometimes the battery explodes before the short circuit occurs. This is because during the overcharging process, the electrolyte and other materials will crack and generate gas, causing the battery casing or pressure valve to bulge and rupture, allowing oxygen to enter and react with the lithium atoms deposited on the surface of the negative electrode. Then it exploded.

Therefore, when charging a lithium battery, you must set the upper voltage limit to take into account the battery life, capacity, and safety. The optimal charging voltage is limited to 4.2V. Lithium batteries should also have a lower voltage limit when discharging. When the cell voltage is lower than 2.4V, some materials will start to be destroyed. Since the battery will self-discharge, the voltage will be lower for a longer time. Therefore, it is best not to put it at 2.4V to stop. During the period from the discharge of 3.0V to 2.4V, the energy released by the lithium battery is only about 3% of the battery capacity. Therefore, 3.0V is an ideal discharge cutoff voltage. In charge and discharge, in addition to the voltage limit, current limitation is also necessary. When the current is too large, lithium ions cannot enter the cell and will accumulate on the surface of the material.

When these lithium ions obtain electrons, crystals of lithium atoms are generated on the surface of the material, which is dangerous as overcharge. In the event of a broken battery case, it will explode. Therefore, the protection of the lithium ion battery must include at least three factors: the upper limit of the charging voltage, the lower limit of the discharging voltage, and the upper limit of the current. In the general lithium battery pack, in addition to the lithium battery core, there will be a protective board, which is mainly to provide these three protections. However, these three protections of the protection board are obviously not enough, and the global lithium battery explosion is still frequent. To ensure the safety of the battery system, a more careful analysis of the cause of the battery explosion must be performed.

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