Lithium carbonate battery features

Lithium ion batteries: is a secondary battery(rechargeable batteries), which mainly rely on lithium ions move between the positive and negative to work.In the process of charging and discharging, Li + embedded back and forth between the two electrodes and embedded off: when charging, Li + embedded from the anode, after anode, electrolyte embedded in the cathode in the rich lithium state;Discharge is the opposite.

Lithium batteries are divided into lithium battery and lithium ion batteries.Mobile phones and laptops are lithium ion battery, usually people commonly known as its for lithium battery.Materials containing lithium batteries are used as the electrode, is the representative of modern high-performance batteries.But the real lithium battery, because of the large risk rarely applied in the daily electronic products.

Lithium ion batteries by SONY of Japan in 1990 the first successful development.It is to put the lithium ions embedded carbon (petroleum coke and graphite) formed in the cathode (traditional lithium-ion batteries use lithium or lithium alloy as negative).The anode materials commonly used LixCoO2, also use LixNiO2 and LixMnO4, electrolyte with LiPF6 + ethylene carbonate (EC) + dimethyl carbonate (DMC).

Petroleum coke and graphite as the cathode materials, non-toxic, and abundant resources, lithium ion embedded carbon, overcome the lithium of highly active, solve the security problems of the traditional lithium battery, the positive LixCoO2 on charge and discharge performance and life span could reach a higher level, make the cost reduction, increased for the comprehensive performance of lithium ion batteries.Lithium ion battery of the 21st century will be a big market.

In 1970, exxon M.S.W hittingham using titanium sulfide as the anode material, metallic lithium as negative material, made the first lithium battery.Lithium battery cathode material is manganese dioxide or thionyl chloride, lithium anode is.Battery assembly after the completion of the voltage, without charge.Lithium ion batteries (Li - ion Batteries) is lithium battery.Camera, for example, before use it belong to lithium button cell battery.The battery can charge, but the cycle performance is bad, in the process of charging and discharging cycle easy lithium crystal formation, causing internal short circuit batteries, so usually is charging the battery.[2]

In 1982, university of Illinois institute of technology (the Illinois Institute of Technology) R.R.A garwal and J.R.S elman found embedded lithium ion has the properties of the graphite, the process is quick, and reversible.At the same time, made of metallic lithium lithium batteries, much attention has been paid to its safety problems, so people try to take advantage of the characteristics of lithium ion embedded graphite production of rechargeable batteries.The first available lithium-ion graphite electrode successfully trial-produced by bell LABS.

1983 m. hackeray, J.G galaxite oodenough and others found to be excellent cathode material, with a low price, stable and good conductive lithium, guide performance.Its decomposition temperature is high, and oxidation is far lower than the cobalt acid lithium, even if a short circuit, over charge, also can avoid the risk of combustion and explosion.

In 1989, arjun anthiram and J.G oodenough anionic polymerization is found that the positive will generate higher voltage.

SONY of Japan in 1992 invented the carbon materials as anode, with lithium compounds as the anode of lithium battery, in the process of charging and discharging, no metal lithium exists, only lithium ion, that is the lithium ion battery.Subsequently, lithium ion batteries have revolutionized the face of consumer electronics products.Such as cobalt acid lithium as the anode material of battery, is still the main power supply of portable electronic devices.

Padhi and Goodenough found 1996 has olivine structure of phosphate, such as lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4), more security than traditional anode materials, especially high temperature resistance, resistance to overcharge performance than traditional lithium-ion battery materials.

Throughout the history of the development of battery, we can see that the three characteristics on the development of battery industry in the world, and one is the rapid development of green environmental protection battery, including lithium ion batteries, nickel-metal hydride batteries, etc.;Two is a battery to battery, it conforms to the sustainable development strategy;3 it is battery further development in the direction of small, light and thin.In the commercialization of rechargeable batteries, lithium ion battery has the highest specific energy, especially polymer lithium ion batteries, you can thin type of rechargeable battery.Because of the volume of lithium ion battery is high specific energy and mass, rechargeable and pollution-free, possess three characteristics of current battery industry development, so have faster growth in the developed countries.Telecom, the development of information market, especially the use of mobile phones and laptops, brought market opportunity to lithium ion batteries.And the polymer lithium ion battery in the lithium ion battery with its unique advantages in security, will gradually replace liquid electrolyte of lithium ion battery, and become the mainstream of the lithium ion battery.Polymer lithium ion battery has been hailed as a "battery" in the 21st century, will set up a new era of battery, the development prospect is very optimistic.

In March 2015, Japan's sharp and Kyoto university professor Tian Zhonggong together successfully developed the service life of up to 70 years of lithium ion batteries.The manufacture of lithium ion battery longevity, the volume of 8 cubic centimeter, cycle count up to 25000 times.And sharp says the longevity of lithium ion battery charge and discharge after 10000 times actually, its performance is still stable.

Steel shell/aluminum/cylindrical/flexible packaging series:

- (1) the positive active material is commonly or cobalt acid lithium manganese acid lithium nickel manganese cobalt acid lithium materials, electric bicycle is common to use lithium cobalt nickel manganese acid (commonly known as the three yuan) or three yuan plus a small amount of manganese acid lithium, pure manganese acid lithium and lithium iron phosphate is due to the large size, high performance is bad or cost gradually fade out.Conductive extremely fluid using 10-20 microns thickness electrolysis aluminum foil.

(2) - a specially shaped diaphragm polymer thin film, film have a microporous structure, can let the lithium ions through freely, and electronic cannot pass.

(3) negative - active substances for graphite, or approximate graphite carbon structure, fluid using conductive set of electrolytic copper foil thickness 7 to 15 microns.

(4) dissolved organic electrolyte - six fluoride phosphate lithium carbonate solvent type, use the gel polymer electrolyte.

(5) battery shell, divided into steel shell (square) is rarely used, aluminum, nickel plated iron shell (cylindrical battery), aluminum-plastic film (flexible packaging) and so on, and battery blocks, and are negative terminal of the battery.

According to the electrolyte materials that are used in lithium ion batteries, lithium ion batteries are divided into liquid lithium ion battery (Liquified Lithium - Ion Battery, LIB for short) and polymer lithium ion battery (Polymer Lithium - Ion Battery, for PLB).

Lithium ion batteries (Li - ion)

Rechargeable lithium ion batteries is the modern digital products, such as mobile phones, laptops, the most widely used in battery, but it is "temperamental", in use do not overcharge, discharge (can damage the battery or scrap).As a result, have protection components or protection circuit on the battery to prevent damage of expensive battery.High demand for lithium ion batteries, to ensure the termination voltage accuracy within + / - 1%, the semiconductor device factory has developed a variety of lithium ion battery charging IC, to ensure safe, reliable and fast charging.

Mobile phones are basically use lithium ion batteries.Proper use of lithium ion battery is very important to extend battery life.It according to the requirements of different electronic products can be made flat rectangular, cylindrical, rectangular and button, and there are composed of several parallel in series with the battery pack.Rated voltage of the lithium ion battery, because the change of the material, generally 3.7 V, (hereinafter referred to as phosphorus iron) lithium iron phosphate anode is 3.2 V.Full of electricity when termination of charging voltage is 4.2 V, phosphorus iron 3.65 V.Termination of lithium ion battery discharge voltage of 2.75 V to 3.0 V (battery or termination of the discharge voltage, voltage range is given the parameters is slightly different, generally 3.0 V, phosphorus iron as 2.5 V).Below 2.5 V (2.0 V) phosphorus iron continue to discharge called discharge, discharge of the battery will be damage.

Cobalt acid lithium type material for the anode of lithium ion battery is not suitable for used as large current discharge, large current discharge will reduce the discharge time (internal will produce high temperature and energy losses), and may be dangerous;But lithium batteries, lithium iron phosphate battery anode materials with 20 C can even bigger (C is the capacity of the battery, such as C = 800 mAh, 1 C charge rate the charging current is 800 ma) of large current charge and discharge, especially suitable for electric vehicle use.So give maximum discharge current battery production factories, in use should be less than the maximum discharge current.Lithium ion batteries have certain requirements for temperature, plant the charging temperature, discharge temperature range and temperature range, over voltage rechargeable lithium-ion batteries, permanent damage.Lithium ion battery charging current should be on the advice of the battery factory, and ask the limited current circuit in order to avoid happened flow (overheating).General common charging ratio is 0.25 C ~ 1 C.Tend to detect when large current charging battery temperature, to prevent overheating damage to the battery or explosion.

Lithium ion batteries are divided into two stages: the first constant current charging, to about the termination voltage to constant voltage charging.Case of a 800 mAh capacity of the battery, the termination of charging voltage of 4.2 V.Battery at 800 ma (charge rate for 1 c) constant current charging, battery voltage with a larger slope booster at the beginning, when the battery voltage close to 4.2 V to 4.2 V constant voltage charging, gradual decline current, voltage change is not big, the charging current to 1/10-50 c (GeChang have different value, does not affect use), close to full, may terminate charging (some charger to start the timer after 1/10 c, after a certain time end charging).

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