Five development trends of lithium battery for electric vehicles in the future

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Lithium ion batteries market over the next five years the overall size is to rapidly expand. As shown in the above. Comes from: 2015 lithium-ion battery development present situation and trend prediction in 2016 (a) main application market of lithium ion batteries are divided into consumer electronics, electric vehicles, industrial & energy storage of the three plates, we can find that the demand of the lithium ion battery of center of gravity is in the midst of a small battery market by consumer electronics to electric vehicles and industrial & energy storage power battery transfer stage of development, market order is roughly: the consumer electronics market - electric vehicles market - industrial & energy storage market. In the tablet, electric vehicles (PHEV) + EV, scenery and distributed power matching family energy-storage emerging markets, such as lithium ion batteries have no choice, have a plenty of choice. Before the rise of grid energy storage, such as market has related demonstration projects, the operation of the dosage of the lithium ion battery is significantly more than other secondary battery (such as the representative of state grid Zhang Bei scenery storage demonstration projects losing, etc.).Lithium ion battery can adventurously live in the market, thanks to its rapid decline in prices. In terms of performance, lead-acid battery is obviously better than the lithium ion battery, nickel cadmium battery, nickel metal hydride batteries and other major competitors. Through the performance advantage of lithium ion batteries gradually expanded the size of the market, and the increase in demand directly led to the decrease of the capacity expansion, manufacturing costs, which in turn further stimulate the market demand growth. The lithium battery industry and so on has a virtuous cycle of development. Global consumer electronics market demand for lithium ion battery of from 2011 to 2014 showed obvious decline - from 80% in 2011 to more than a quick drop to 55.7% in 2014, is expected to continue to fall to 30.5% by the year 2020.At the same time, after two big market proportion is rising fast, the electric vehicle market is mainly represented by electric cars and electric bicycle, industrial & energy storage market mainly represented by mobile communication base station power supply market, the figure for the 2015 global lithium battery production and proportion, comes from: [data] 2015 global lithium ion battery production of 100.75 Gwh

Lithium battery is widely used in mobile phones, mobile power and electric cars, and mature, in the first two fields application for lithium battery capacity is proportional to the volume, the current lithium battery technology cannot perfect solve the problem of electric vehicle range and the size of the battery, so the electric car with power lithium battery industry has not been recognized by consumers, which makes many (especially downstream vendors) puzzled power lithium battery industry chain. As a new generation of lithium battery technology breakthrough progress, coupled with the government's promotion of power lithium batteries and subsidies, the industry could usher in a new development opportunity in the future. Forward-looking industry research institute to provide the lithium battery industry in China market demand forecast and investment strategy analysis report pointed out that the future demand of lithium batteries will be greatly improved, predicts 2018, lithium battery output will reach 86 billion dollars. A new generation of lithium battery technology will accelerate the development of lithium battery market, and provide opportunities for the development of lithium-ion battery industry chain manufacturer.

I2RuxM (1 - x) O3 is a similar rich lithium manganese base material of Li2MnO3 a monoclinal structure in layered materials, see below figure a superlattice part of diffraction peak, on crystal chart also can be seen that this is an obvious layered materials. Known from the figure b, in 2 ~ 4.6 V range of charging and discharging characteristics of Li2MnO3 is also the same! Is around 4.50 V has an obvious Changping station, and then disappear in the second week in the future, at the same time brought the irreversible capacity loss. By below c, the authors compared the three kinds of materials: Li2Ru0. 75 ti0. 25 o3, Li2RuO3 and Li2Ru0. 75 sn0. 25 o3, the three kinds of materials in the pure phase Li2RuO3 shows the first week of discharge specific capacity is close to 300 mAh/g, is very high, and then Li2Ru0. 75 ti0. 25 o3 lower nearly 250 mAh/g, Li2Ru0. 75 sn0. 25 o3 minimum 220 mAh/g, but from the perspective of cycle performance Li2Ru0. 75 sn0. 25 o3 is to keep one of the best, 100 weeks past and nearly 85% of the circulating rate, the worst is Li2Ru0 75 ti0. 25 o3, fell to below 70% after 100 weeks!!!!!!

In the end, the researchers gave the conclusion that cationic migration is the inner nature of the high voltage material phenomenon, and declining of discharge voltage and metal ions trapped in tetrahedral gap has a direct relationship, but the existence of the tetrahedral gap placeholder is a necessary, because it can stable frame structure after a lithium-ion out! So what to do, how to control the voltage decay, they presented two ways: a. in a larger ionic radius of ions, such as Sn, but you also want to sacrifice quality than the corresponding energy, because the Sn electrochemical activity is very poor. B. use a larger than Ru, electrochemical activity of ion, and has strong d - sp hybridization, corresponding strong enough to replace in the original reaction of O - (2 -) O2 (n -) brought by the REDOX capacity. Such as Li1.3 Nb1 - xMxO2 this material, its first week of discharge specific capacity can reach 300 mAh/g, and has the very good cycle performance!

If future there is one company completed the subversion of electric vehicles, then its innovation is likely to come from the most core components of the battery, the current widely used lithium battery, its technology has been stalled in 10 years. If a 3 minutes to charge electric vehicles can also bring you run hundreds of kilometers, it will rewrite the history of transportation.

The future of the electric car industry, new technology and good service is the car companies one of the conditions of the market is not to be eliminated! Balance electric car is technically tend to be more intelligent, humane and facilitation. Through a large number of foreign data, combine the industry well-known senior technical personnel as one of the core of balanced car: lithium-ion batteries will present the five development trends.

Pure electric cars are expensive. The average American household is not buy Tesla, assembly and the pure electric vehicle E6 BYD, also is not the average Chinese family can afford. Very expensive battery is one of the important reasons why the cost too is high.

In previous years, under the impetus of the national new energy industry policy, raised one across the country to manufacture of lithium-ion batteries. Lithium batteries battery pack assembly once get more than 400 enterprises (including the new energy vehicles) with lithium batteries which involved in electric vehicle of lithium battery companies once there are as many as 200-300.However, vigorous hot behind the new energy production, the core material such as the anode material of diaphragm, electrolyte and aluminum-plastic film soft packing batteries used heavily dependent on imports, such as manufacturing of lithium batteries cost prices high, the same capacity of lithium battery, its price is three times more than lead-acid batteries, lead to market promotion.

In the last three or four years, through the efforts of the domestic lithium battery materials enterprises, the current manufacturing lithium battery core technology has made significant breakthrough, lithium-ion batteries for electric cars, all core material basically has realized localization rate. At present, lithium battery charger included 48 v11ah (using 18650 cylindrical steel shell, each cell is 2200 ma, 65 batteries series-parallel) group, the price is less than 500 yuan, compared with lead-acid batteries, cost-effective advantage. This price is already a lithium battery just 1/3 of the market. Thus, lithium batteries gradually replace lead-acid battery is not empty talk.

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