Effect of temperature on different lithium batteries

Someone asked online: "Why is the lithium battery used in winter shorter than summer?" The following is the answer from the lithium battery practitioner.

For lithium batteries, there is no clear theoretical support for the internal resistance, discharge platform, life and capacity of each temperature performance. The relevant calculation formulas and mathematical models are still in the exploration stage. In general, lithium batteries are not sensitive to temperatures in the 0-40 °C range, but once the temperature exceeds this range, life and capacity are compromised.

There is no way to quantify the specific non-quantitative, because the lithium battery activity is too high, the consistency is also the biggest problem, even if the same batch, the same material, the same process of the product, the performance will be very different.

I have done a lot of experiments, and the low-temperature performance of lithium-ion batteries of different materials is also different. Now the hottest lithium iron phosphate is the worst of low-temperature performance. Our products release the capacity at 89 °C at -10 °C, which should be already in the industry. It is relatively high; the discharge capacity can reach 95% at 55 ° C, and the relative low temperature attenuation is still relatively small. This is still a product for inspection. As everyone knows, the quality is much higher than the normal product of the assembly line.

Relatively speaking, the low temperature properties of lithium manganate, lithium cobaltate and ternary products are better, but limited, while the high temperature performance is sacrificed. Now the industry is blowing lithium iron phosphate with high safety performance and high temperature performance. In fact, the battery activity is not as high as the above three kinds, and it is relatively safe. Overall performance is still not as good as manganese or ternary.

Therefore, the use of lithium batteries in winter is necessarily shorter than in summer.

By the way, lithium batteries are best not to be recharged in winter. Due to the low temperature, the lithium ions nested on the negative electrode will produce ion crystals, which directly penetrate the diaphragm. Under normal circumstances, micro-short circuit will affect the life and performance. In severe cases, it will explode! So some people reported that the lithium battery cannot be charged in winter, part of the battery management system is due to the protection of the product, and some of them are due to quality problems. It is said that ATL (domestic leader, just took the share of Apple) products have also seen such a situation.

The page contains the contents of the machine translation.