22 Years' Battery Customization
Mar 12, 2021 Pageview：938
Everything runs on energy today. This is even more true for electric-powered devices. If you have a robot, it comes with a motor, one of the most important parts in terms of performance. It determines the amount of energy your device receives, and hence, how strongly it works.
An electric motor is an electrical machine that changes electrical energy into mechanical energy. A wide range of motors operates due to the interaction between a magnetic field and electrical current. They feature a wire winding that holds these fields, through with it generates a force in the form of torque on the motor's shaft.
You may have heard the term torque already and perhaps wondered what it all means. Well, it is the energy that runs most moving parts of an electrical machine.
Batteries have become essential in the modern world of electricity. They store electrical power, which is then used to power many motor devices.
Basic of a battery power motor
A battery power motor can be found in most machines that operate on battery power. As mentioned already, robots are the best example of such machines.
If you have an electric car, a robot or an RCA, you should discover many motors on it.
Electrical energy from the batteries alone is not enough to make the machines move. A motor is a device that changes that energy into mechanical power. The power is then transferred to the motor shaft and then to other parts of the larger machine.
There are many different types of motors designed for various uses. And that is why you need to understand what you need a motor for to find the most powerful.
In other words, it comes down to your application and your definition of powerful.
Someone else can answer this question with superconducting stuff. But this is not practical in areas like railway locomotives.
The easiest answer would be a conventional DC motor with separate main poles and interpole. That is if you are looking for a huge torque from a standstill. It is ideal for trains and similar applications.
For most of these devices, a lot of current goes into the main pole and the same magnitude into the armature for a huge torque. And then, you wind back the main pole current as speed increases. The poles can be used to limit the commutator sparking.
Another area of application could be where staring torque is not the main requirement. Here, you will find induction motors majorly useful. Note, however, that cooling is a big problem if you will be running for extended periods. The intercooler takes in more power from the source, reducing the power to your machine's overall weight ratio.
The most overall electric motor in the world is a high-temperature superconductor (HTS), developed by the Northrop Grumman Corporation and tested by the US Navy. It is the first 36.5-megawatt HTS ship repulsion motor, with a capacity that beats anything else.
When choosing an electric motor, always consider your needs first. Every machine requires different torque, and you need to find one that meets their needs. Whether it is a small machine or a big one, there is always something for everyone.
Most buyers tend to use motors with batteries. And that is why batteries have become very important in the modern world.
Now, you need the right battery for your motor. Just like there are different DC motors, there is also a wide range of batteries out there.??
Battery power supplies range from simple designs to complex handheld devices that require multiple batteries.??
The best battery for a DC motor is the one that runs longer. That means you need to determine how long the battery can last.
Calculating this is quite easy. You will need to know the battery capacity and how much capacity the motor draws.
Capacity is measured in milliamp hours, mAh. This shows how many hours the battery can supply one mA of current and how much current it can give for every hour.
The draw depends on the strength and status of the motor. Motors come with performance graphs, which show how the current varies with different applications.
Running time (h) = mAh/mA,
Where;
mAh is the battery capacity, and mA is the operating current.
This should be a good start to picking the right batteries. Other factors to consider include the battery voltage, capacity, voltage shift, and start current.
Apart from that, battery chemistry is very crucial. And there are different types based on their materials and performance:
NiMh. These are the most common types you will find in mobile robots. They are rechargeable and much cheaper.
NiCd. These are not very common today because of their memory effect.
Alkaline. These are the least expensive batteries. They offer a higher voltage than NiMh but are not good for the environment.
Lead Acid. Another cheap option, best reserved for medium-sized robots.
LiPo. These are considered the best batteries. They are lightweight, have a high discharge rate and better capacity.
The key principle on which DC motors work is founded on the interaction between magnets. It follows how the like poles repel, and the unlike poles attract. The motor features a coil of wire called the armature and a horseshoe magnet (stator).
Batteries provide an electric current, just like they do for bulbs into the coil. Each time this current pass through, it creates and electromagnetic field aligned to the center of the coil. This field is turned on and off as you switch the current on and off.
In simple terms, the whole process begins with electric current from the batteries from the positive terming through a semi-circular commutator attached to each side of the coil. The commutator has brushes that allow the current to flow through. A path is created through the right and back to the left side. It is the reversed electric current every half rotation that keeps the wire rotating along the same direction.
A force moves the wire with every flow of electric current. Hence, electrical energy becomes mechanical.
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