22 Years' Battery Customization
Dec 21, 2020 Pageview：635
You may be probably wondering how battery charger controllers work? If you are interested to know everything about it, then don't move back as you have reached the right article!!! As we know, charger controllers restrict the rate at which electric current is drawn or applied to electric batteries. It avoids overcharging and can guard against overvoltage, limiting the battery's performance and can pose a danger to safety.
So, are you ready to know everything? Then let's dive in!!
Not always, but usually. Generally, a solar battery charge controller with low maintenance or trickle charge panels, such as 1 to 5-watt panels, is unnecessary. A basic rule is that if the panel puts out about 2 watts or less than for each 50 battery amp-hours, you do not need one.
For example, A typical flooded golf car battery is about 210 amp-hours. So you'd want a panel that is about 4.2 watts to sustain a series pair of them (12 volts) either for repair or storage. The famous 5-watt panels are close enough, and a controller is not needed. You can use a smaller 2 to the 2-watt panel if you retain AGM deep cycle batteries, such as the Concorde Sun Xtender.
To know more about it, let's have a look at the types of battery charger controllers!!
●Simple 1 or 2 Controls: In one or two steps, it has shunt transistors to regulate the voltage. This controller only shorts the solar panel when a certain voltage arrives. Their genuine primary fuel to retain such a notorious reputation is their unwavering quality- they don't have that many segments, there is so little to break.
●PWM (Pulse Width Modulated): This is the conventional form of the charge controller, and these are necessary for industry standards.
●Maximum power point tracking (MPPT): The sparkling star of today's solar systems is the MPPT solar charge controller. These controllers genuinely recognize the best working voltage and amperage of the solar panel exhibit and balance it with the electric cell bank. The result is an extra 10-30 percent more power versus a PWM controller from your sun-oriented cluster. For any solar electrical system above 200 watts, it is generally worth the speculation.
A charge controller is an integral component of almost all battery charging power systems; solar panels, wind, hydro, diesel, or the energy grid are sources of power. It intends to maintain the batteries of your deep cycle properly fed and secure for the long term.
A controller has very simple basic functions. Charge controllers block reverse current and avoid overcharging of batteries. Some controllers often stop over-discharging batteries, protect against electric overload and battery status display and the flow. Let's look at every single feature.
1) Blocking Reverse Current
Solar panels operate in one direction by pumping your battery. At night, the panels will flow a little backward in reverse, triggering a small battery discharge. The possible loss is tiny but easy to avoid. Some wind and hydro generators also produce reverse current after stopping (most do not except under fault conditions).
The load current passes over a semiconductor (transistor) in most controllers that act as a valve to control the current. It is referred to as a semiconductor since only one path passes through the current. Without extra effort or expense, it prevents reverse current.
2) Preventing Overcharge
When a battery is fully charged, incoming energy can no longer be retained. The battery voltage becomes too high if the energy continues to be applied entirely. Water is separated into hydrogen and oxygen and quickly discharges. Excessive water loss occurs, and the risk of gas ignition and a minor explosion. The battery would also promptly degrade and can overheat. Excessive voltage can again stress or shut off the inverter for your loads (lights or appliances, etc.).
The avoidance of overload simply decreases the battery's energy flow when the battery exceeds a specific voltage. The controller makes the full charge again when the Voltage falls due to a lower sun or an increase in electrical utilization. The most important feature of all load controls is called "voltage regulating." The controller looks at and monitors the recharge battery.
3) Overload Protection
Built-in overload protection may be helpful, but most devices require extra protection in the form of fuses or circuit breakers. If you have a circuit with a wire size for which the protected carrying capacity (ampacity) is lower than the controller overload level, then you must cover the circuit with a suitably lower amp rating fuse or breaker. For any external fuse or circuit breaker specifications, obey the manufacturer's requirements and the National Electrical Code in any event.
4) Low Voltage Disconnect (LVD)
Renewable battery systems provide about 80 percent of the deep-cycle batteries required to be discharged. When they are released at 100 percent, they are immediately disabled.
If all other things malfunction, it can only be stopped to detach loads (equipment, lights, etc.) from over-discharge and only reconnect them as high voltage recovery occurs. When over-discharge approaches, a 12-volt battery reaches 11 volts. To detach the loads, a lower voltage circuit is used at this setpoint. Only after the battery voltage has recovered considerably due to the charge build-up will the loads be reconnected.
Battery charger controllers are safe and secure, but they need a little care and visual inspection from time to time. They should be maintained indoors in a clean and ventilated environment. If a charger is not used for a long time, it may begin to exacerbate its inner electrolyte condensers, so it should be used practically at least once or twice a month. All cable connections must also be tested for protection, free of terminal corrosion and cable strain.
Whether in an RV or an off-grid booth, battery charge controllers are an essential component. Through searching and evaluating your choices, you can ensure that you choose the best controller for you and your device.
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