The difference between lithium batteries and lithium-ion batteries

Lithium battery is lithium metal as the electrode, the electron transfer to generate current, because easy to produce dendrites cause explosion, so it is no longer in use. Lithium batteries are primary batteries.

Lithium ion battery is a transfer of lithium ions to complete the charge and discharge, mainly lithium doped metal oxides as the electrode. Lithium-ion batteries are rechargeable secondary batteries.

1. Lithium battery

Also called primary lithium battery. Can discharge continuously, also can discharge intermittently. Once the power runs out, it can no longer be used. It is widely used in low-power electronic products such as cameras. Lithium battery self-discharge is very low, can keep for 3 years, in the condition of refrigeration preservation, the effect will be better. It is a good idea to store the lithium battery in a cool place. Note: lithium battery and lithium ion battery is different, lithium battery can not be charged, charging is very dangerous!

Lithium-ion batteries

Also known as secondary lithium battery. Under the 20 ℃ can be stored for more than six months, it is because of its low self-discharge rate, and most of capacity can be restored.

If the battery voltage is kept below 3.6v for a long time, the self-discharge phenomenon of lithium battery will lead to over discharge of the battery and damage the internal structure of the battery, reducing the battery life. Therefore, long-term storage of lithium batteries should be recharged every 3 to 6 months, that is, charging to a voltage of 3.8~3.9V (the best storage voltage of lithium batteries is about 3.85V), keep at the discharge depth of 40-60% is appropriate, not full. Batteries are to be kept at 4 ℃ ~ 35 ℃ or moisture-proof packaging in dry environment. Stay away from heat and keep out of direct sunlight.

Lithium batteries are used in a wide range of temperatures. They can still be used outdoors in the winter in the north, but their capacity will be reduced a lot. If they are returned to room temperature, the capacity can be restored.

Characteristics of lithium battery

1. Higher energy weight ratio and energy volume ratio;

2. High voltage: the voltage of a single lithium battery is 3.6v, which is equal to the series voltage of three nickel-cadmium or nickel-hydride rechargeable batteries;

3, self-discharge can be stored for a long time, which is the most prominent advantage of the battery;

4. No memory effect. Lithium batteries do not have the so-called memory effect of nickel-cadmium batteries, so lithium batteries do not need to discharge before charging;

Long life. Under normal working conditions, the charge/discharge cycles of lithium battery are much more than 500 times.

6. It can be charged quickly. Lithium batteries can usually be charged by 0.5 ~ 1 times the capacity of the current, so that the charging time is shortened to 1 ~ 2 hours;

7. Can be used in parallel at will;

8, because the battery does not contain cadmium, lead, mercury and other heavy metal elements, no pollution to the environment, is the most advanced modern green battery;

Lithium-ion batteries have the following advantages:

1) The voltage is high, and the operating voltage of the monomer battery is as high as 3.6-3 .9 V, which is three times that of the Ni-Cd and Ni-H batteries.

2) the specific energy is large. The actual specific energy that can be achieved at present is 100-125wh /kg and 240-300wh /L (2 times that of Ni-Cd and 1.5 times that of Ni-mh). With the development of technology in the future, the specific energy can be as high as 150Wh/kg and 400Wh/L

3) long cycle life, generally can reach more than 500 times, or even more than 1000 times. For electrical appliances with small current discharge, the battery life will double the competitiveness of electrical appliances.

4) safety performance is good, pollution-free, no memory effect. As Li - ion predecessor of lithium batteries, dendrite short circuit formed by the metal lithium is easy, reduced its areas of application: Li - ion in do not contain cadmium, lead, mercury and other elements of environmental pollution: some process (such as sintering type) of the one big drawback of Ni - Cd battery exist for "memory effect", it severely battery, but Li - ion this aspect of the problem doesn't exist.

5) self-discharge is small. The self-discharge rate of li-ion charged at room temperature after storage for 1 month is about 10%, which is much lower than 25-30% of Ni-cd and 30-35% of Ni and MH.

6) can be quickly charged and discharged, 1C charging capacity can reach more than 80% of the nominal capacity.

7) operating temperature range, high working temperature is 25 ~ 45 ° C, as the electrolyte and the improvement of the anode, is expected to widen to - 40 ~ 70 ° C.

Lithium ion battery also has some disadvantages, such as:

1) high battery cost. The main performance is that the price of positive electrode material LiCoO2 is high (Co has less resources), and it is difficult to purify electrolyte system.

2) cannot discharge at high current. Due to organic electrolyte system and other reasons, the internal resistance of the battery is larger than that of other batteries. Therefore, a small discharge current density is required. Generally, the discharge current is less than 0.5c, which is only suitable for electrical appliances with small and medium current.

3) need to protect the line control.

A. Overcharge protection: overcharge of the battery will damage the positive pole structure and affect the performance and service life; At the same time over charge electrolyte decomposition, internal pressure is too high and lead to leakage and other problems; Therefore, it must be charged under the constant voltage of 4.1v-4.2v;

B. Over-discharge protection: over-discharge will lead to the recovery difficulty of active substances, so protective line control is also required.

Abstract: the development trend of lithium ion batteries are reviewed, summarized the lithium ion battery charge and discharge mechanism of theoretical research, as the core technology of lithium-ion batteries were summarized the positive and negative electrode materials of the preparation of the existing theory and recent developments, the anode materials are reviewed, and various preparation methods and development prospect of anode materials, mainly introduced the current problems and improve the development of this field. The cost is high. Compared with other rechargeable batteries, lithium batteries are more expensive.

Lithium batteries usually include metal lithium battery such as button batteries (common) and lithium ion battery (also is what we usually call lithium battery) lithium ion battery including liquid lithium ion battery (usually said that the lithium ion battery) and polymer lithium ion battery of typical characteristics of all kinds of lithium battery metal lithium battery: the lithium metal form exists in cell lithium-ion battery: the lithium elements in lithium ion (usually lithium) form exists in battery liquid lithium ion battery: polymer electrolyte for liquid lithium (ion) batteries: The electrolyte is in gel state or solid state, because the encapsulation material of polymer lithium ion battery is basically aluminum plastic film (soft package), and the encapsulation material of liquid lithium ion battery is metal steel shell or aluminum shell. Therefore, there is a misunderstanding in the current market that soft-packed lithium batteries are polymer lithium batteries. In fact, most of the soft-pack batteries produced by domestic manufacturers are still liquid electrolytes, which do not belong to polymer lithium batteries.

Lithium-ion batteries were first developed by SONY of Japan in 1990. It is made by embedding lithium ions into carbon (petroleum coke and graphite) to form a negative electrode. Cathode materials are usually LixCoO2, LixNiO2, and LixMnO4, and electrolytes are LiPF6+ diethylamide carbonate (EC) + diethyl carbonate (DMC).

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