Analysis: do used lithium batteries really matter that much?

The widely circulated article on lithium battery questions include: toxic lithium battery, short cycle life, or explosion, severe using requirements; Unable to recycle, resulting in huge environmental pressure...Really?

Lithium battery is a highly toxic dangerous goods?

Response: the lithium battery does not contain toxic substances, the influence is far less than lead acid battery

“Lithium ion batteries and lithium battery strictly say or is there a difference in concept."China automotive technology research center power battery chief expert, battery test and application of technology alliance secretary-general, said Wangfang, senior engineers usually refers to the lithium battery of lithium metal or lithium alloy anode, the use of liquid water electrolysis cell.Lithium ion battery rechargeable secondary battery, do not use lithium metal anode, rely on lithium ion in moving between cathode to work.However, in daily life, people used to place the lithium-ion batteries, lithium batteries or lithium electricity for short.

We have learned, at present, the promotion of new energy vehicles (including pure electric vehicles and plug-in hybrid electric vehicle) mostly USES lithium ion battery, which accounted for 80%, 90%, lithium iron phosphate the ternary lithium battery in the passenger car are also beginning to large-scale application.

In view of the network the article points out that the lithium battery is "highly toxic dangerous goods", Wang fang has rejected the lithium battery than traditional such as lead acid, nickel, chromium, nickel metal hydride batteries, do not produce any poisonous and harmful heavy metals such as lead, mercury, cadmium and material, relatively less pollution.And the electrolyte for organic solvent and lithium salt, most of the non-toxic or low toxic;But the decomposition or hydrolysate for hydrofluoric acid lithium batteries and other fluoride compounds, has certain corrosion resistance and toxicity.

He said "lithium battery poisonous", researcher at the institute of China electronics technology group 18 level senior engineer, Haojie Liu said lithium-ion battery itself is not toxic substances, the cathode carbon and metal oxide anode basic is not toxic.Because lithium-ion batteries are seal system, the normal use will not come into contact with these substances."In any case, the impact is far less than the most widely used lead-acid batteries."

Lithium battery life is short, the use of strict?

Response: power lithium ion battery life of up to 2000 cycles, battery management system can be limited to "charge"

How long is the lithium electricity? Shallow charge shallow discharge and charge discharge will affect the battery safety and life?

"Decision power lithium ion battery service life there are many factors, including the characteristics of the system itself, also includes the manufacturing process, operating conditions, etc.High quality battery system, and scientific management system, can achieve a long service life."Wang fang said, according to the capacity decay to 80% as the cut-off condition, according to 100% of the discharge depth test, the current power battery life can reach 2000 basic loops.

"Charge discharge refers to the battery in the process of charging and discharging voltage exceeds or is lower than specified by the voltage, the battery performance and life will bring harm."Wang fang said, but the BMS batteries in the battery management system will restrict and protection, the low temperature limit for the battery, recharge when heated to proper temperature.Said Wang fang, in order to ensure the safety of the lithium ion battery, the battery monomer, module to battery systems have a series of safety protection design, prevent the battery overcharge pass wen, when abnormal timely alarm and protection.

Mentioned in the article: once media reports, "Tianjin 18 proved by lithium battery in high temperature and high pressure, piercing the impact, overcharge had put almost all projects have taken place in the combustion and explosion".

In response, the Chinese chemical and physical power industry association secretary general Yanlong Liu said, the end of May 2014, China electronics technology group institute 18 special media interview, but battery burning explosion occur in the program is in accordance with the requirements of taping, remove the protective circuit, caused by the abuse of the experiments.Main purpose of this experiment is to let users understand the unprotected ternary lithium battery under the condition of the abuse of the dangerous situation that may occur.

"Lithium ion battery safety theory is controllable, cause safety issue is more in the case of product defects and abuse."Yanlong Liu said."But simple battery monomer, module and system security, not enough to guarantee absolutely safe with a lithium battery electric cars." Ningde era of new energy technology co., LTD. (CATL) chairman li ping is introduced, the current distribution Model - S used the 7104 pieces of Panasonic ternary lithium battery, the battery safe protection, including sensors, is controlled by the battery control system, such as extensive use of high strength aluminum alloy material collision protection, etc.In the case of taking these safety design, safety accident probability is up to the one over ten thousand.

Researcher at the institute of China electronics technology group 18 level senior engineer Qinghua Wang also pointed out that at present the electric car battery products on the market the good and bad are intermingled, some manufacturers of battery problems of poor consistency, and the effect of management system play a little, a monomer problems can produce certain effect to the whole life of the battery pack.To this, Qinghua Wang suggested the government to improve the corresponding test standard, strengthen the management of the electric car market supervision and inspection.

Waste lithium batteries are uncontrolled pollution?

Response: due to the environmental risk is relatively small, the lithium battery has not been included in hazardous waste management, but should be layout recycling system as soon as possible

Lithium-ion batteries have compulsory recycling policy now?Whether like the article said, waste lithium battery can cause severe environmental pressure?Wang fang said that at this stage is the environmental protection department in hazardous waste management of waste batteries including nickel cadmium battery scrap and waste lead acid storage battery.For disposable batteries, lithium ion battery, nickel metal hydride batteries, etc., because of its environmental risk is relatively small, is not included in the hazardous waste management.

Waste lithium ion battery into the environment, however, the electrode material, electrolyte and other substances in the environment such as hydrolysis, oxidation reaction, may be the cause of nickel, cobalt, manganese and other heavy metal ions pollution, fluorine pollution and some organic pollutants.So, the pollution under control?

Wang fang said, in view of the processing of lithium ion batteries, the national development and reform commission, the ring endowment department to draft the electric vehicle power battery recycling policy (2015 edition) ", to encourage the wet smelting technology processing waste lithium ion battery, nickel, cobalt, manganese recovery shall be not less than 98%."In view of the lithium ion battery processing technology, there has always been to study the scientific research team in colleges and universities in our country, and conducted cooperation and exchanges with the United States."Wang fang said.

On January 8, the ministry has released the new energy automobile waste comprehensive utilization of power battery industry standard announcement management interim measures (draft) ", probes into the new energy automobile waste comprehensive utilization of power battery enterprise implements the dynamic management, relevant professional institutions entrusted to assist the management of public announcement.

China electronics technology group co., LTD., chief expert, the researcher level senior engineer Hu Shuqing said, in the iron phosphate lithium cobalt, manganese acid lithium and low content of three yuan materials for the positive active material of lithium ion battery, because of the low recycling business value, enterprise interest is not high.The waste battery recycling must be introduced by the national policy, to realize closed-loop industries.Now our country has offered some policy and standards, such as the classification of waste battery, storage and transportation, solid waste and hazardous waste pollution control technology policy, etc., but is not enough.

"Lithium ion battery recycling work needs a layout as soon as possible." the leader of 863 national energy saving and new energy automobile project supervision consulting team Wang Binggang said. Set up power battery recycling system to improve the standardization of the battery, establish code tracking system, implement strict rewards and punishment measures as well as to the recycling enterprise qualification management etc.

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