What are the anode and cathode materials of lead-acid batteries?

The lead storage battery is made up of a group of lead-bismuth alloy grids filled with spongy metal lead, and the other group is made of lead-bismuth alloy grid filled with alumina.

The positive: PbO2 + 2 + HSO4 - e + 3 h + = = PbSO4 + 2 h2o

Negative: Pb + HSO4 - = = PbSO4 + H++ 2 e

Total reaction: PbO2 + 2 - h2so4 pbso4 + Pb = = 2 + 2 h2o

The cathode the potential (voltage) refers to the power lower end. In primary cell, refers to the oxidation of electrodes, battery reaction in writing on the left.

The negative pole refers to the lower end of the potential (potential) in the power supply. In the galvanic cell, it refers to the electrode that acts as an oxidation, and the battery reaction is written on the left side. From a physical point of view, it is a pole of electrons flowing out of the circuit. The negative electrode material refers to a raw material constituting the negative electrode in the battery. Currently, the common negative electrode materials include a carbon negative electrode material, a tin-based negative electrode material, a lithium-containing transition metal nitride negative electrode material, an alloy negative electrode material, and a nano-scale negative electrode material.

The negative electrode of the lithium ion battery is made by mixing a negative electrode active material carbon material or a non-carbon material, a binder and an additive to form a paste adhesive, which is evenly coated on both sides of the copper foil, and dried and rolled. Whether the lithium-ion battery can be successfully produced is the key to whether a negative electrode material capable of reversibly deintercalating lithium ions can be prepared.

In general, the choice of a good anode material should follow the following principles: higher specific energy; lower electrode potential than lithium electrode; good reversibility of charge and discharge reaction; good compatibility with electrolyte and binder; small specific surface area (<10m2/g), high true density (>2.0g/cm3); good size and mechanical stability during lithium insertion; abundant resources, low price; stable in air, no toxic side effects. At present, the anode materials that have been practically used for lithium ion batteries are generally carbon materials such as graphite, soft carbon (such as coke, etc.), hard carbon, and the like. The anode materials being explored are nitrides, PAS, tin-based oxides, tin alloys, nano-anode materials, and other intermetallic compounds.

Fully automatic atmosphere protection tunnel type resistance furnace is used for the firing of graphite anode material. Process Description Graphite is sintered under a 99.99% nitrogen atmosphere. The product contains volatiles such as asphalt, does not contain washing oil, and the washing oil has been pre-treated by the prescription. Burning cycle: about 22 hours.

The negative pole refers to the lower end of the potential (potential) in the power supply. In the galvanic cell, it refers to the electrode that acts as an oxidation, and the battery reaction is written on the left side. In the electrolytic cell, the electrode that acts as a reduction is distinguished from the primary battery. From a physical point of view, it is a pole of electrons flowing out of the circuit.

Negative electrode: Loss of electrons, oxidation reaction, and a pole of electrons flowing from the external circuit.

External circuit: electrons flow from the negative electrode to the positive electrode; current flows from the positive electrode to the negative electrode.

Circuit inside the ion of Yin and Yang of directional movement: anionic move to the cathode, cationic move to the anode.

Galvanic cell is negative judgment

Look from the electrode reaction

Look from the electrode materials

2, the internal and external circuit current direction and the conductive particles moving direction

3. General conditions for forming a simple primary battery

Two active conductors are used as electrodes to keep the two electrodes in contact and inserted into the electrolyte solution (loop). The total reaction is a spontaneous (release energy) redox reaction. [2]

Identification of positive and negative batteries

Method 1:

In the case where the "+" and "-" signs are blurred, the red-coated battery pole represents the positive electrode, and the pole marked with the blue mark is the negative electrode. If the battery is used for a long time, the color may be dark. However, in general, the pole is slightly thicker for the battery positive pole, and the pole is slightly thinner for the battery anode.

Method 2:

With the help of a dc voltmeter to judge the battery is negative. The battery connected to a dc voltmeter. In whose hands instructions under the condition of normal voltmeter, connect the positive is that battery voltmeter positive, whereas answer the voltmeter is battery cathode anode.

Method 3:

Using high frequency discharge device and the battery with polarity logo to judge unknown polarity of battery is negative. Using high frequency discharge device to detect contrast two batteries, have the same reaction at one end of the same polarity. But the request has known the polarity of battery and a more professional discharger.

Method 4:

Use the brine to determine the positive and negative of the battery. Connect one wire to each end of the battery, insert it into the brine, and check the wire head. The end of the battery is connected to the negative electrode of the battery, and the end with less bubble is connected to the positive battery. This trick has a few precautions. Containers containing salt water must not be electrically conductive. Generally, porcelain bowls are preferred. Further, in addition to the usual saline solution, alkali water, dilute sulfuric acid, or the like can be used as long as it can form an electrolyte solution.

Method 5:

In bipolar battery indirectly a light bulb, constitute the primary circuit. Put a small needle under a loop of wire. Needle pointed direction at this time should be vertical direction to that of the conductor. Judged by the right-hand rule, the thumb pointed direction is the direction of current flow. Current from the battery anode flow, flow back to the battery cathode.

24 v battery cathode grounding often called iron, influential to the battery voltage is not large.

1, the grounding system: common in automotive technology, refers to the car's grounding system. It is related to the single-wire system of the automobile, which means that the positive and negative poles of the battery and the generator are connected with the automobile frame, so that the frame is positively or negatively charged, so that only one electrical equipment of all the cars mounted on the frame needs only one wire drawn from the other pole of the power supply can form a loop. The wiring system that connects one pole of the vehicle power system with the frame is called the grounding connection system (referred to as the grounding iron), and the electrical wiring system of the automobile after the grounding is called the single-wire system. The advantage of using the single-wire system is that on the one hand, it can save the cost of the wire and reduce the cost of the whole vehicle; on the other hand, it can reduce the difficulty of laying the wire and the number of fault points caused by the excessive wires. Most countries require cars to use negative grounding. The grounding posts of all electrical equipment in automobiles are indicated by "-" or "E". The non-grounded power terminals are indicated by "+" or "B".

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