Comparison of lithium ion battery and lead acid battery

Electronic products have been widely used in life applications for nearly three decades. The growth of consumer products in the past five years has made batteries increasingly demand for energy density. At present, the most popular rechargeable batteries can be divided into lead-acid batteries, nickel-hydrogen batteries and lithium batteries, among which nickel-hydrogen batteries and high-energy-density lithium batteries (lithium-cobalt/lithium ternary systems) are full of various consumer products. Lead-acid and high-power lithium-ion batteries (lithium ternary/lithium manganese/lithium iron) are generally used in power products.

In terms of usage history, lead-acid batteries have been in existence for more than 100 years since its inception in 1859, and have evolved into a valve-regulated lead-acid battery, from vehicles to backup power applications. The scale of demand is considerable. As battery performance demands increase, replacing lead-acid batteries is another major challenge for lithium batteries.

Lithium iron products have inherent advantages

With the gradually development of power lithium batteries, the market began to choose between lead acid and lithium batteries. Lead-acid batteries are mature and inexpensive, but there are still many problems to overcome, including lower weight and energy density of the battery, and lower maintenance life resulting in higher maintenance and replacement frequency. In order to obtain a better unit energy density and ease of use, lithium manganese, lithium ternary, and lithium iron batteries are generally available on the market. Lithium manganese and lithium ternary usually have higher performance in energy density; while lithium iron has other advantages in addition to the former energy density:

Long service life

The biggest advantage is that it has a long cycle life. In general, lead-acid battery belongs to shallow discharge characteristics, design is simple and has no power management mechanism, although price cheap but life only about 300 ~ 500 times, lithium battery is in commonly 500 ~ 700 times, lithium iron life of up to 2000 times more.

High compatibility

Lead-acid batteries have been widely used in daily life because they have been developed for hundreds of years, including automobile batteries, electric two-wheelers, backup power supplies, etc. However, as mentioned above, lead acid in energy density and is still lower than lithium battery service life. In the original data of lithium batteries, the working voltage of lithium iron battery is 3.2V, while other common batteries such as lithium cobalt or ternary phase material are 3.7V. Therefore, when the system needs to be replaced by a 12V lead-acid battery, only four groups of batteries need to be connected in series to get a voltage value close to 12V, while lithium cobalt and lithium manganese are difficult to match in series voltage due to their high values.

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