Why Lithium Batteries Explode

Lithium batteries are widely used in many electronic devices due to their high energy density and long lifespan. While they are generally safe and reliable, under certain conditions, they can potentially experience malfunctions that may lead to overheating, venting, or even explosion.

Lithium batteries are rechargeable, non-toxic and safe to use. They are also lightweight and compact. The problem with lithium batteries is that they have an explosive chemical reaction when they overheat. The chemical reaction can cause the battery to explode or ignite. They can explode if they get wet or short circuit due to overcharging, over-discharging or manufacturing defects.

Lithium batteries are available in different forms like button cells, cylindrical cells, pouch cells and others. The most common type of lithium battery is the lithium-ion battery. It was invented in 1991 by Sony Corporation and has been used in mobile phones since then.

Lithium batteries can explode when exposed to extreme temperatures or excessive heat for an extended period of time. This could happen if you leave your laptop plugged into a wall socket after charging it up or leave your phone overnight on charge while you go to bed early at night. 

It's important to note that while lithium battery explosions can occur, they are relatively rare. The vast majority of lithium batteries perform safely and without incident when used and handled properly. Manufacturers and regulatory bodies continuously work to improve battery safety and mitigate the risks associated with lithium battery technology.

Causes of lithium battery explosion

Lithium battery explosions can occur due to a variety of factors, although they are relatively rare. Here are some common causes of lithium battery explosions:

Manufacturing defects

Poor manufacturing processes or quality control can lead to defects in the lithium battery's construction, such as internal short circuits or contaminants. These defects can cause the battery to malfunction and potentially lead to an explosion.

Overcharging

If a lithium battery is overcharged, it can lead to the buildup of gas inside the battery, causing it to swell or rupture. This can result in an explosion or fire.

Overheating

Lithium batteries are sensitive to high temperatures. If a battery is exposed to excessive heat, it can cause a thermal runaway reaction, leading to an explosion. Heat can be generated by external factors like direct sunlight, electrical malfunctions, or internal issues within the battery.

3.2V 20A Low Temp LiFePO4 Battery Cell -40℃ 3C discharge capacity≥70% Charging temperature：-20~45℃ Discharging temperature: -40~+55℃ pass acupuncture test -40℃ maximum discharge rate：3C

READ MORE

Physical damage

If a lithium battery is physically damaged, such as being punctured, crushed, or dropped, it can cause a short circuit within the battery. The short circuit can rapidly release the battery's stored energy, leading to a violent explosion or fire.

Manufacturing or design flaws in electronic devices

Some lithium battery explosions have been attributed to flaws in the design or manufacturing of the devices in which they are used. For example, inadequate battery protection circuits or inadequate ventilation in the device can contribute to battery failures and explosions.

External factors

Lithium batteries can be affected by external factors such as exposure to water or other liquids, exposure to extreme cold, or improper storage conditions. These factors can compromise the integrity of the battery and potentially lead to an explosion.

How to prevent lithium batteries from exploding?

To prevent lithium batteries from exploding, it's important to follow some safety guidelines and best practices. While lithium batteries are generally safe when handled properly, mishandling or misuse can lead to potentially dangerous situations. Here are some steps you can take to minimize the risk of lithium battery explosions:

Purchase quality batteries

Buy lithium batteries from reputable manufacturers or authorized sellers. Low-quality or counterfeit batteries may have manufacturing defects or inadequate safety features.

Low Temperature High Energy Density Rugged Laptop Polymer Battery Battery specification: 11.1V 7800mAh -40℃ 0.2C discharge capacity ≥80% Dustproof, resistance to dropping, anti - corrosion, anti - electromagnetic interference

READ MORE

Avoid physical damage

Protect batteries from physical damage, such as punctures, dents, or crushing. Damaged batteries can result in short circuits and potentially lead to explosions. Handle batteries with care and avoid dropping them.

Use the correct charger

Always use chargers specifically designed for lithium batteries. Chargers with incorrect voltage or current levels can overcharge the battery and cause it to overheat or explode. Avoid using cheap or generic chargers that may not have proper safety mechanisms.

Follow charging instructions

Adhere to the recommended charging procedures provided by the battery manufacturer. Avoid overcharging or leaving batteries unattended while charging. Once the battery is fully charged, disconnect it from the charger promptly.

Store batteries properly

Store lithium batteries in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight and flammable materials. Do not store batteries in extreme temperatures or humid environments, as it can compromise their integrity.

Prevent short circuits

Avoid exposing batteries to conductive materials, such as coins, keys, or other metal objects. Metallic objects coming into contact with both terminals of a battery can cause a short circuit, leading to thermal runaway and potential explosions.

Do not mix battery types

Never mix different battery chemistries (e.g., lithium-ion and alkaline) or batteries with varying levels of charge. Mixing batteries can result in voltage mismatches, leading to overheating and potential hazards.

Use battery cases or sleeves

If carrying spare batteries, use protective cases or sleeves specifically designed for lithium batteries. These cases can prevent contact with other objects and minimize the risk of damage or short circuits.

Be cautious with damaged batteries

If you notice any signs of physical damage, such as swelling, leakage, or an unusual odor, discontinue use and properly dispose of the battery following local regulations. Do not attempt to use or charge damaged batteries.

Educate yourself

Stay informed about lithium battery safety guidelines and any specific recommendations from the battery manufacturer. Keeping up to date with the latest information can help you mitigate risks effectively.

How often do lithium batteries explode?

It is important to note that any type of battery, including lithium-ion batteries, can potentially fail and cause a fire or explosion, although such incidents are rare.

The safety of lithium-ion batteries has significantly improved over the years due to advancements in technology and safety standards. Manufacturers implement various safety measures, such as built-in protection circuits and thermal management systems, to minimize the risk of failures and thermal runaway.

While lithium-ion battery explosions or fires can occur, the frequency of such incidents is relatively low compared to the vast number of batteries in use worldwide. Factors such as manufacturing defects, improper use, physical damage, or exposure to extreme conditions can increase the risk, but when used and maintained correctly, the chances of a lithium-ion battery exploding are quite small.

To further enhance safety, it is recommended to follow proper charging procedures, avoid exposing batteries to high temperatures or physical damage, use original or approved chargers, and discontinue using batteries that show signs of swelling, overheating, or damage.