How much power can the super capacitor store?

The industry's largest (body) super capacitor is 65mm in diameter. Volume = 3(pi) *32.5*32.5 (square of radius) *=cubic mm = cubic centimeter = ml Super capacitors are divided into electric double layer capacitors and tantalum capacitors. It is a new energy storage device with high power density, short charging time, long service life, good temperature characteristics, energy saving and environmental protection. Super capacitors are widely used. Super capacitors are capacitors that utilize the principle of an electric double layer. When an applied voltage is applied to the two plates of the super capacitor, as with a conventional capacitor, the positive electrode of the plate stores a positive charge, and the negative plate stores a negative charge, under the action of an electric field generated by the charge on the two plates of the super capacitor. The opposite charge is formed at the interface between the electrolyte and the electrode to balance the internal electric field of the electrolyte. The positive and negative charges are arranged on the contact surface between the two different phases with a very short gap between positive and negative charges. In the opposite position, this charge distribution layer is called an electric double layer, so the capacitance is very large. When the potential between the two plates is lower than the redox electrode potential of the electrolyte, the charge at the interface of the electrolyte does not leave the electrolyte, and the super capacitor is in a normal working state (usually 3 or less), for example, the voltage across the capacitor exceeds the oxidation of the electrolyte. When the electrode potential is reduced, the electrolyte will decompose and become abnormal. As the super capacitor discharges, the charge on the positive and negative plates is discharged by the external circuit, and the charge at the interface of the electrolyte is correspondingly reduced. It can be seen that the charging and discharging process of the super capacitor is always a physical process and there is no chemical reaction. Therefore, the performance is stable and is different from the battery using the chemical reaction.

Super capacitor batteries are also called gold capacitors and farad capacitors. They store energy by polarizing electrolytes and belong to one type of electric double layer capacitors. Since the process of energy storage does not undergo a chemical reaction, this energy storage process is reversible because the super capacitor can be repeatedly charged and discharged hundreds of thousands of times. Super capacitors generally use activated carbon electrode materials, which have the characteristics of large adsorption area and high electrostatic storage, and are widely used in new energy vehicles.

Super capacitor battery, also known as electric double layer capacitor (Electrical Double-Layer Capacitor) is a new type of energy storage device, which has the characteristics of short charging time, long service life, good temperature characteristics, energy saving and environmental protection. Super capacitors are widely used. It is used as a power balance power supply for lifting equipment to provide super-current power. It is used as a starting power source for vehicles. It has higher starting efficiency and reliability than traditional batteries. It can replace traditional batteries in whole or in part. It is used as traction energy for vehicles. It can produce electric vehicles, replace traditional internal combustion engines, and transform existing trolley buses; it can be used to ensure the smooth start of tanks, armored vehicles and other vehicles (especially in the cold winter) and as a pulse energy source for laser weapons. It can also be used for energy storage energy of other electromechanical equipment.

Due to the shortage of petroleum resources in super capacitors and the environmental pollution caused by the exhaust of diesel-burning internal combustion engines (especially in large and medium-sized cities), people are studying new energy devices that replace internal combustion engines. Research and development of hybrid power, fuel cells, chemical battery products and applications have been carried out, and some results have been achieved. However, due to their inherent short service life, poor temperature characteristics, chemical battery pollution, complex system, high cost and other fatal weaknesses, there has been no good solution. Super capacitors, with their excellent characteristics, can replace some of the traditional chemical batteries for traction power and starting energy of vehicles, and have a wider range of applications than traditional chemical batteries. Because of this, countries around the world (especially developed countries in the West) spare no effort to research and develop super capacitors. Among them, the United States, Japan and Russia are not only in the front of R & D and production, but also established a special national regulatory agency (such as: USABC in the United States, Sun in Japan, REVA in Russia, etc.) to formulate a national development plan. We invested heavily and manpower and actively promoted it. As far as the level of super capacitor technology is concerned, Russia is currently in the forefront of the world, its products have been commercialized and applied, and it has been rated as the most advanced product by the 17th International Electric Vehicle Annual Conference (EVS-17), Japan, Germany, France, the United Kingdom, Australia and other countries are also catching up. At present, the field of promoting the application of super capacitors in various countries has been quite extensive. The promotion of the use of super capacitors in China can reduce oil consumption, reduce dependence on oil imports, and is conducive to national oil safety; effectively solve urban exhaust pollution and lead-acid battery pollution problems; and help solve the problem of low-temperature start of vehicles. At present, there are more than 10 companies in China that are conducting research and development of super capacitors.

The super capacitor is a brand new capacitor based on the interface electric double layer theory proposed by the German physicist Helmholtz. It is known that an excessive charge having a sign opposite to the surface of the metal electrode inserted into the electrolyte solution and the liquid surface causes a potential difference between the phases. So, if in the electrolyte and insert the two electrodes, and impose a less than in the electrolyte solution and the voltage breakdown voltage of the electrolyte in under the action of electric field in the positive and negative ions quickly toward the poles movement, and respectively in the two form close charge layer on the surface of the electrode, the electric double layer, it formed by the electric double layer and traditional capacitor of the dielectric in electric field under the action of the polarization charge similar, resulting in a capacitance effect, closely similar to electric double layer plate condenser, however, due to the tight than ordinary capacitor charge layer between the charge layer spacing distance is much smaller, Therefore, it has a larger capacity than ordinary capacitors.

The electric double layer capacitor has a larger internal resistance than the aluminum electrolytic capacitor. Therefore, it can be directly charged without load resistance. In the case of overvoltage charging, the electric double layer capacitor will open without damaging the device. The overvoltage breakdown of aluminum electrolytic capacitors is different. At the same time, the electric double layer capacitor can be charged in an unrestricted manner compared with the rechargeable battery, and the number of times of charging can reach 10E6 times or more. Therefore, the electric double layer capacitor not only has the characteristics of capacitance but also has battery characteristics, and is a kind of A new special component between the battery and the capacitor.

(1) The charging speed is fast, as long as it is charged for more than 95% of its rated capacity by charging for several tens of seconds to several minutes; now it takes several hours to charge the lead-acid battery with the largest area.

(2) The cycle life is long, and the number of deep charge and discharge cycles can reach 500,000 times. If the super capacitor is charged and discharged 20 times a day, it can be used continuously for 68 years. If compared to lead-acid batteries, it has a service life of 68 years and has no "memory effect".

(3) The high current discharge capacity is super strong, the energy conversion efficiency is high, the process loss is small, and the high current energy cycle efficiency is ≥90%;

(4) The power density is high, up to 300W/kg~5000W/kg, which is equivalent to dozens of times of ordinary batteries; the specific energy is greatly improved, the lead-acid battery can only reach 200W/kg, and the super capacitor battery is currently developed. Up to 10KW/kg,

(5) The raw material composition, production, use, storage and dismantling process of the product are not polluted, and it is an ideal green environmental protection power source;

(6) The charging and discharging circuit is simple, no charging circuit like rechargeable battery is needed, and the safety factor is high, and the maintenance is long-term maintenance-free;

(7) Good ultra-low temperature characteristics, the ambient temperature range is as wide as -40 ° C ~ +70 ° C;

(8) Easy to detect, the remaining power can be read directly;

(9) The monomer capacity is usually in the range of 0.1F to -3400F.

1. Super capacitors have a fixed polarity. The polarity should be confirmed before use.

2. Super capacitors should be used at nominal voltage:

When the capacitor voltage exceeds the nominal voltage, it will cause the electrolyte to decompose, while the capacitor will heat up, the capacity will decrease, and the internal resistance will increase, the life will be shortened, and in some cases, the capacitor performance will collapse.

3. Super capacitors should not be used in high-frequency charging and discharging circuits. High-frequency rapid charging and discharging will cause internal heating of capacitors, capacity attenuation, internal resistance increase, and in some cases, capacitor performance will collapse.

4. After installing the super capacitor, do not forcibly tilt or twist the capacitor, which will cause the capacitor leads to loosen, resulting in performance degradation.

5. Avoid overheating the capacitor during the soldering process:

If the capacitor is overheated during soldering, the life of the capacitor will be reduced. For example, if a printed circuit board with a thickness of 1.6 mm is used, the soldering process should be 260 ° C for no more than 5 s.

6. When using capacitors in series:

When super capacitors are used in series, there is a voltage equalization problem between the cells. A simple series connection may cause overvoltage of one or several of the individual capacitors, thereby damaging the capacitors, and the overall performance is affected.

In addition, the super capacitor is in the DC system of the transformer substation, the tax control machine, the tax control cash register, and the shaking flashlight (the battery can be exchanged for 5 minutes without shaking for 30 seconds; the irradiation distance is 1 meter) There are also many applications in smart meter types (such as smart water meters and gas meters) and computer UPS power supplies.

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