What are the primary uses of lead-acid batteries

To sum up the valve controlled sealed lead-acid battery has the following characteristics:

(1) Maintenance work such as density without adding water and acid.

(2) The high current discharge performance is excellent, especially the charging and discharging performance is excellent.

(3) The self-discharge current is small, and the self-discharge rate is less than 2 % per month at 25 °C, which is about 1/5 to 1/4 of other lead-acid batteries.

(4) No leakage of liquid, no acid fog, no corrosion equipment and no injury, no pollution to the environment.

(5) The battery life is long, 25 °C floating charging state is used, and the battery life can reach 10 to 15 years.

(6) Compact structure, good sealing performance, can be installed with the equipment, vertical or bedroom installation, small area, good seismic performance.

(7) There is no memory effect of nickel cadmium batteries.

Valve controlled sealed lead-acid battery has stable performance, reliability, small maintenance workload, and is welcomed by design and operation staff. However, Valve controlled sealed lead-acid batteries are more sensitive to temperature, do not allow overcharging and under-charging, and require more stringent charging and discharge requirements, requiring better charging devices, and the use of improper maintenance will seriously shorten the service life of the battery.

Lead acid battery products mainly have the following types of applications as follows: starting batteries: mainly used for starting and lighting automobiles, motorcycles, tractors, diesel engines; Fixed batteries: mainly used for communications, power plants, computer systems as protection, automatic control of the backup power supply; Traction batteries: mainly used for various battery vehicles, forklifts, forklifts and other power supply; Railway batteries: mainly used for railway diesel locomotives, electric locomotives, passenger car starting, lighting power; Energy storage batteries: mainly used for wind power, solar energy and other power generation storage;

In addition to lithium batteries, lead batteries are also a very important battery system. The advantage of the lead battery is that the electromotive force is relatively stable when discharging. The disadvantage is that it is smaller than energy(energy stored per unit weight) and is corrosive to the environment. The working voltage of the lead battery is stable, the operating temperature and use current range are wide, hundreds of cycles can be charged and discharged, the storage performance is good(especially suitable for dry charge storage), and the cost is low, so it is widely used.

Lead -- battery: Its volume and weight have not been effectively improved, so it is currently most commonly used on cars and motorcycles. The biggest improvement of lead-acid batteries is the newly adopted high-efficiency oxygen recombination technology to complete water regeneration so as to achieve complete sealing without adding water. The resulting "water-free battery" can last up to 4 years(single polar plate voltage 2V).

Since the invention of the lead-acid battery by Prant in 1859, it has a history of more than 150 years. The technology is very mature and it is the most widely used chemical power source in the world. Although new batteries such as nickel-cadmium batteries, nickel-metal hydrogen batteries, and lithium-ion batteries have been introduced and applied in recent years, However, lead-acid batteries still rely on a series of advantages such as strong current discharge performance, stable voltage characteristics, wide range of temperature applications, large single battery capacity, abundant and renewable raw materials, and low prices. In the vast majority of traditional fields and some emerging application areas, occupy a solid position.

Composition of lead battery: polar plate, separator, shell, electrolyte, lead connection bar, pole column, etc..

1. Positive and negative plates

Classification and composition: the polar plate is divided into positive plates and negative plates, both composed of a grid and an active substance filled on it.

Function: The conversion of electrical energy and chemical energy during charge and discharge of the battery is achieved by the chemical reaction of active substances on the polar plate and sulfuric acid in the electrolyte.

Color distinction: The active substance on the positive plate is lead dioxide(PbO2), dark brown; The active substance on the negative plate is sponge pure lead(Pb), which is grayish gray.

The function of the grid: to accommodate the active material and shape the plate.

Polar-plate group: In order to increase the battery capacity, multiple positive and negative plates are welded in parallel to form a positive and negative plate group.

Special requirements for installation: the positive and negative plates are inter-laminated when installed, and the partition is inserted in the middle. In each single battery, the number of negative plates is always one more than that of positive plates.

2. Barrier

Function: In order to reduce the internal resistance and size of the battery, the positive and negative plates inside the battery should be as close as possible; In order to avoid short-circuit contact with each other, the positive and negative plates must be separated by partitions.

Material requirements: the partition material should have porous and permeability, and chemical properties to be stable, that is, have good acid resistance and anti-oxidation.

Materials: Common partition materials are wood partitions, micro-porous rubber, micro-porous plastic, glass fiber and cardboard.

Installation requirements: the side with groove on the installation panel should face the positive plate.

3. Shell

Role: Used to hold electrolytes and plates

Material: Made of materials with acid resistance, heat resistance, shock resistance, good insulation and certain mechanical properties.

Structural characteristics: The shell is a holistic structure. The interior of the shell is separated by three or six separate single cells. There are protruding ribs at the bottom to shelve the polar plate group. The space between the ribs is used to accumulate the removed active material to prevent short circuits between the plates. After the plates are loaded into the shell, the upper part is sealed with a battery cover made of the same material as the shell. On the top of the battery cover corresponds to each single cell, there is a liquid-filled hole for the addition of electrolytes and distilled water. It can also be used to check the height of the electrolyte and measure the relative density of the electrolyte.

4. Electrolytes

Function: Electrolytic fluid performs electrical conductivity and participates in chemical reactions between ions during the conversion of electrical energy and chemical energy, that is, electrical reactions that charge and discharge.

Composition: It is prepared from pure sulfuric acid and distilled water in a certain proportion, and its density is generally 1.24 to 1.30 g/ml.

Special Note: The purity of the electrolyte is an important factor that affects the performance and service life of the battery.

5. Cascading of monomer batteries

Batteries are generally made up of 3 or 6 monomer batteries in series with rated voltages of 6V or 12V, respectively.

Cascade mode: the single battery concatenation mode generally has the traditional exposed type, through the wall type and the leap type three ways.

This kind of connection method is simple, but it consumes a lot of lead and has a large resistance to the connection. Therefore, the voltage decreases greatly and the power loss is also large when starting, and it is easy to cause short circuits.

The pipe-through connection method is to perforate the inter wall between the adjacent monomer batteries for the connection bar to pass through and weld the polar column of the polar plate group of the two monomer batteries together.

Leapfrog connection: There is a gap above the inter wall between the adjacent monomer batteries. The connecting bars connect the polar columns of the two monomer batteries through the gap to cross the inter facial walls. All the connecting bars are arranged. Under the overall cover.

Compared with the traditional exposed lead connecting joint, the penetrating and leaping connecting modes have the advantages of short connection distance, low material saving, low resistance, and good starting performance.

The page contains the contents of the machine translation.