How to distinguish between dry battery and wet battery, the difference between liquid filled battery and dry battery

The dry battery is relative to the "wet" battery (liquid battery). The first "voltaic battery" was put in the same electrolyte as the electrode, such as the lead-acid battery still in use. This "wet" battery. Because there is inconvenience in the use of liquids, people later invented the "dry" battery, the principle is the same, just replace the electrolyte solution with a paste electrolyte, and seal it in the zinc barrel (zinc barrel as the negative electrode, middle copper) And the carbon rod is used as the positive electrode, and the paste electrolyte is filled between the positive and negative electrodes), so that the electrolyte does not flow out, and is convenient to use and carry, so it is called a dry battery.

Dry batteries are not completely "dry", and long-term dry batteries often have a night leak phenomenon, which becomes "wet".

Dry cell

A dry battery is a primary battery in a chemical power source and is a disposable battery. Because the electrolyte in this chemical power supply is a paste that cannot flow, it is called a dry battery, as opposed to a battery with a fluid electrolyte. Dry batteries are not only suitable for flashlights, semiconductor radios, tape recorders, cameras, electronic clocks, toys, etc., but also for various fields in the national economy such as defense, scientific research, telecommunications, navigation,special, and medicine.

2. Type

With the development of science and technology, dry batteries have developed into a large family, and there have been about 100 kinds so far. Common zinc - manganese dry battery, alkaline zinc - manganese dry battery, magnesium - manganese dry battery, zinc - air battery, zinc - mercury oxide battery, zinc - silver oxide battery, lithium - manganese battery.

For the most used zinc-manganese dry batteries, they can be divided according to different structures: paste zinc-manganese dry electricity, cardboard zinc-manganese dry batteries, thin film zinc-manganese dry batteries, zinc zinc-zinc-manganese dry batteries, Alkaline zinc-manganese dry battery, four-pole parallel zinc-manganese dry battery, laminated zinc-manganese dry battery, and the like.

3. Structure and principle of zinc-manganese dry battery

Zinc-manganese dry batteries are commonly used in daily life.

Cathode material: MnO2, graphite rod

Anode material: zinc sheet

Electrolyte: NH4Cl, ZnCl2 and starch paste

The battery symbol can be expressed as

(-)Zn|ZnCl2, NH4Cl (mastic) ‖MnO2|C(graphite)(+)

Negative electrode: Zn=Zn2++2e

Positive electrode: 2MnO2+2NH4++2e=Mn2O3+2NH3+H2O

Total reaction: Zn+2MnO2+2NH4+=2Zn2++Mn2O3+2NH3+H2O

The electromotive force of the zinc-manganese dry battery is 1.5V. The generated NH3 gas is adsorbed by graphite, causing the electromotive force to drop faster. If high conductivity paste KOH is used instead of NH4Cl, the positive electrode material is changed to steel cylinder, and the MnO2 layer is close to the steel cylinder to form an alkaline zinc manganese dry battery. Since the battery reaction has no gas, the internal resistance is low and the electromotive force is 1.5V relatively stable.

The dry battery belongs to the primary battery in the chemical power source. It is a disposable battery. It uses manganese dioxide as the positive electrode and the zinc canister as the negative electrode to convert the chemical energy into electrical energy for the external circuit. In the chemical reaction, since zinc is more active than manganese, zinc loses electrons to be oxidized, and manganese gets electrons to be reduced.

The regular name of the dry battery is called “maintenance-free battery”. Compared with the traditional wet battery, the performance parameters are basically the same. In appearance, the maintenance-free battery has no screw cap filled with electrolyte, and no water maintenance is required in the normal service life.

On the ordinary liquid-filled battery, there are 6 (12V) caps for filling the electrolyte. During use, it is necessary to regularly check the height of the liquid in the battery and replenish the electrolyte at the appropriate time.

First, the advantages and disadvantages of liquid filled batteries

The advantages of liquid-filled battery: strong instantaneous current discharge capability, strong power and strong load capacity;

Disadvantages of liquid-filled batteries: poor endurance, poor deep discharge capability, and poor deep cycle life.

Second, the advantages and disadvantages of dry batteries

The advantages of dry battery are: no maintenance in normal use, strong deep discharge capability, strong endurance and long deep cycle life;

The shortcoming of the dry battery is: the instantaneous large current discharge capacity is poor, it is not suitable for high power discharge, and there is a risk of thermal runaway.

First, lead-acid battery (English: Lead-acid battery) is divided into dry battery and wet battery.

Second, the difference between these two batteries is:

1) The dry battery is a primary battery in a chemical power source and is a disposable battery. Because the electrolyte in the chemical power supply is a paste that does not flow, it is called a dry battery, as opposed to a battery with a liquid electrolyte. You can add water to the bottle, but do not exceed the maximum water level, generally marked with a MAX line. Dry lead-acid batteries (such as automobile dry-charge batteries, motorcycle dry-charge batteries, etc.) should be replenished with distilled water for a period of time to maintain a density of 1.28 g/ml for dilute sulfuric acid electrolytes; It is no longer necessary to add distilled water for termination.

2) The wet battery is a lead-acid battery, which is formed by an aqueous acid water interpretation solution.

Generally speaking, 80% of the batteries are distinguished by color: white is the water battery, black is the dry battery; from the weight to distinguish the light is the water battery, the weight is the dry battery; from the appearance of the accessories to distinguish: the battery is added to the water screw Water, flat head is dry.

The page contains the contents of the machine translation.