What are the types of lithium battery?

A, lithium battery divides according to the exterior: square type lithium electricity (such as the commonly used cell phone batteries) and cylinder (e.g., 18650);

Points, 2. Lithium battery outsourcing material: aluminum shell lithium-ion batteries, steel shell lithium-ion batteries, soft package battery；

Three,. Lithium battery anode materials from (additive) : sell (LiCoO2) acid lithium batteries or lithium manganese acid (LiMn2O4),lithium iron phosphate batteries, disposable lithium manganese dioxide battery; Another point: lithium ion LIB, polymer PLB

Four, the performance of the different USES points:

One-time - lithium manganese batteries, button 3 v battery

High capacity (high platform), used in mobile digital products

High ratio;- used in electric cars and electric tools and model plane

High temperature;- a miner's lamp, room lighting, machine built-in back-up power;

Low temperature;-- - outdoor environment, () in winter in the north South Pole;

China electric car industry mainstream automotive batteries with lithium batteries are three iron lithium, lithium manganese, ternary.

Lithium manganese 1. The price is cheap.2. Good low temperature performance, minus 20 degrees below zero discharge can have more than 90% efficiency.3. Good safety performance.

But he 1. The high temperature performance is poor (2) low cycle life (normal life in around 300-400) (3) g (112) 4. The specific capacity discharge difference (such as car uphill and quick start, a great influence on the battery)

Ternary 1. The price is the most expensive 2. Three kinds of material high capacity (150.) can save the volume 3. Good cycle life (600 to 700) 4. The discharge

But he 1. Safety performance is the worst in three (especially steel shell) 2. The current Chinese battery industry mastery of the material is not yet mature, with not much.

Lithium iron (1) the price of 2. The capacity of (130) 3 high cycle life is (around 1500) 4. The high temperature performance is good 5. Discharge

But he 1. The price is not cheap (2) the low temperature performance is bad (3) on the electric car can fully demonstrate its superior performance (20 times can be 6 minutes on a full charge, discharge)

The working principle of

Correct a concept first, according to the positive cathode materials used in lithium-ion batteries, usually divided into two broad categories:

Lithium battery, which is using manganese dioxide as positive pole material, metallic lithium metal or its alloy anode materials for batteries; Lithium ion batteries, the use of lithium alloy metal oxide anode material, graphite anode materials for batteries.

Lithium battery whose nature unstable and can't charge, so do not belong to the secondary battery. For new energy vehicles, lithium batteries, we say at ordinary times is lithium ion battery.

Lithium ion battery is mainly composed of the anode (lithium compounds), the cathode material (carbon), the electrolyte, the diaphragm of four parts:

Lithium battery, the positive on atomic ionization into lithium ions and electrons (embedded), lithium ion after movement to the anode, electrolyte get electronic, be restored into lithium atoms embedded in carbon layer of the microporous (insert);

Battery discharge, embedded in the cathode carbon layer of lithium atom, electron (take off) as lithium ion, through the electrolyte, the movement back to the positive (embedded);

Lithium battery charge and discharge process, that is, lithium ion in positive and negative electrode embedding and embedded process, at the same time accompanied by equivalent embedded electronic and embedded. The more lithium ion, the higher the charge and discharge capacity.

classification

Because of the anode materials, lithium ion batteries are divided into: lithium iron phosphate (LFP), nickel (LNO), acid lithium manganese acid lithium (LMO), cobalt acid lithium (LCO), nickel and cobalt ternary lithium manganese acid (sliding), nickel and cobalt aluminate ternary lithium (NCA), carbon anode materials mainly adopts graphite material.

Technical route

Based on the above-mentioned, we come to manage way different types of lithium battery in the application of the market.

Say first cobalt acid lithium, as the ancestor of the lithium battery, of course can also be as power battery try water first, the first to use on the tesla Roadster, but due to its low cycle life and safety, proved it is not suitable as a power battery. In order to make up for this shortcoming, tesla using billed as the world's top battery management system to ensure the stability of the battery. Cobalt acid lithium is a big market share in the field of 3 c at present.

The second is manganese acid lithium battery, mainly first put forward by battery enterprise AESC, the AESC charge is small, Nissan and Japan's electric co., LTD. (NEC) of the joint venture. Manganese acid lithium representative models for the Nissan leaf, because of its low price, the energy density of medium, security, also is the so-called good comprehensive performance. So-called into has played havoc played havoc and because of this tepid characteristics, its gradually replaced by a new technology.

Followed by the lithium iron phosphate, as BYD main, its stability is good, long life, and it has cost advantages, especially suitable for the need often charge and discharge of plug-in hybrid electric vehicle, but its drawback is that the energy density.

Finally, the ternary lithium battery as a rising star, the energy density can reach the highest, but the security is relatively poor. There are requirements for range of pure electric vehicles, the prospects, is the power battery mainstream direction.

Below is released in July tesla MODEL 3, the adoption of Panasonic type 21700 (NCA) three yuan cylindrical battery.

In fact, power battery on the market, there are China, South Korea and Japan giant technical route, they are hiring, expand the territory, rob hill, is the so-called "three kingdoms".

Power type lithium ion battery needs more consideration of reliability and consistency, after all, to a long period of time (at least 5 ~ 10 years), environment (low temperature in winter, summer sun, rain and snow), using a large number of battery series parallel with group. Considering reliability and consistency, assume that a car USES 1000 power battery only, ideally, manufacturers hope that a model 100000 cars don't under the scale of the problem, is the ideal requirements on power battery problems (safety, storage, circulation, etc.) more likely to be below the one over one hundred million (for the most high-end consumer battery, of course, apple also to supplier request to this level).Considering the reliability, more general design class batteries which power the redundancy, use thicker diaphragm, foil and shell, so the energy density is probably is half consumer batteries.

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