Lithium Battery VS Lead Acid Battery

Introduction to Lithium Battery

Lithium batteries are batteries that use lithium metal or lithium alloys as negative electrode materials and use non-aqueous electrolyte solutions. In 1912, the lithium metal battery was first proposed and studied by GilbertN. Lewis. In the 1970s, M.S. WhitTIngham proposed and began to study lithium ion batteries. Due to the very lively chemical properties of lithium metals, the processing, preservation, and use of lithium metals require very high environmental requirements. Therefore, lithium batteries have not been used for a long time.

Lithium-ion battery working principle:

Lithium-ion batteries generally use lithium alloy metal oxides as positive electrode materials, graphite as negative electrode materials, and batteries using non-aqueous electrolytes.

The reaction on the charging positive pole is: LiCoO2 = = Li(1-x) CoO2 + XLi + Xe-(electron)

The reaction on the charged negative pole is: 6C + XLi + Xe-= LixC6

Total rechargeable battery reaction: LiCoO2 +6C = Li(1-x) CoO2 + LixC6

positive electrode

Positive materials: There are many optional positive materials, and mainstream products are mostly lithium iron phosphate. Different positive material comparisons:

Positive reaction: Lithium-ion embedding during discharge, lithium ion deembedding during charging. Charging: LiFePO4 → Li1-xFePO4 + xLi + + XE-Discharge: Li1-xFePO4 + xLi + XE-→ LiFePO4.

negative electrode

Negative materials: More graphite. New research has found that titanate may be a better material.

Negative reaction: lithium ion is deembedded during discharge, and lithium ion is embedded during charging.

When charging: xLi + + XE-+6C → LixC6

Discharge: LixC6 → xLi + XE-+6C

Introduction of lead-acid batteries

Lead acid battery(VRLA) is an electrode made mainly of lead and its oxides. The electrolyte is a battery of sulfuric acid solution. Under the discharge state of lead-acid battery, the positive electrode is mainly composed of lead dioxide, and the main component of the negative electrode is lead; In the charging state, the main components of the positive and negative poles are lead sulfate.

The nominal voltage of a single-cell lead-acid battery is 2.0 V, which can discharge to 1.5 V and can be charged to 2.4 V. In the application, six single-cell lead-acid batteries are often used in series to form a lead-acid battery with a nominal 12V. There are 24V, 36V, 48V and so on.

Main characteristics of lead-acid batteries

Safety seal

During normal operation, the electrolyte does not leak from the terminal or housing of the battery. No free acid.

Special suction partitions keep the acid inside, and there is no free acid inside the battery, so the battery can be placed in any position.

Discharge system

After the internal pressure of the battery exceeds normal levels, the VRLA battery will release excess gas and automatically re-seal it to ensure that there is no excess gas in the battery.

Easy to maintain

Since the gas compound system converts the resulting gas into water, no water is required during the use of the VRLA battery.

Long service life

The lead calcium alloy plate VRLA battery with corrosion resistance structure can be used for 10 to 15 years.

Stable quality, high reliability

Using advanced production technology and strict quality control system, VRLA batteries are of stable quality and reliable performance. 100 % voltage, capacity and sealing on line.

Security certification

All VRLA batteries pass UL safety certification.

Lead acid battery application

Backup power.

:: Telecommunications

:: Solar systems

:: Electronic switching systems

:: Communications equipment: base stations, PBX, CATV, WLL, ONU, STB, cordless phones, etc..

:: Backup power supply: UPS, ECR, Computer Backup System, Sequence, ETC, etc..

:: Emergency equipment: emergency lights, fire alarms, fire Gates

Main power supply

:: Communications equipment: transceivers

:: Electric controlled locomotives: collection vehicles, automatic transport vehicles, electric wheelchairs, cleaning robots, electric vehicles, etc..

* Mechanical tool starter: lawnmower, hedgetrimmers, cordless drill, electric starter, electric sleigh, etc..

:: Industrial equipment/instruments

:: Camera: Flash, VTR/VCR, movie lights, etc..

What is the difference between lithium battery and lead acid battery? Which is better?

Comparison between Lithium Battery and Lead Acid Battery

We know that the general comparison of energy storage products must be conducted from the perspectives of weight energy density, volume energy density, service life, price, applicability, and national policies:

Weight energy density

The current lithium battery energy density is generally 200 ~ 260wh/g, and lead acid is generally 50 ~ 70wh/g. Then the weight energy density lithium battery is 3 ~ 5 times that of lead acid, which means that in the same capacity, lead-acid battery is 3 ~ 5 times that of lithium battery. Therefore, in the lightweight energy storage device, lithium batteries occupy an absolute advantage.

Volume energy density

The volume density of lithium batteries is usually about 1.5 times that of lead-acid batteries, so in the same capacity, lithium batteries are about 30 % smaller than lead-acid batteries.

Use cycle

At present, the more popular material systems are ternary and ferric lithium. The number of three-phase dynamic lithium batteries is usually more than 1,000 times. The number of cycles of lithium ferric phosphate batteries is more than 2,000 times. The number of cycles of lead-acid batteries is usually only 300 ~ 350 times. Therefore, the service life of lithium batteries is about 3-6 times that of lead-acid batteries.

price

At present, lithium batteries are more expensive than lead acid, which is about 3 times more expensive. However, combined with the service life analysis, the same cost is still longer for lithium batteries.

applicability

Lithium batteries are slightly less safe than lead-acid batteries, so various safety precautions need to be done during use, such as preventing external forces or accidents from damaging lithium batteries because this may cause fire or explosion; At present, the temperature applicability of lithium batteries is also very good, so in other aspects of adaptability, lithium batteries are not inferior to lead-acid batteries.

Use occasions

Lead acid batteries: car start, electric car batteries,

Lithium batteries: mobile phones, computers, power tools, and now also used in electric car batteries.

Internal materials

Lead acid batteries have positive and negative lead oxide, metal lead, and electrolytes as concentrated sulfuric acid.

Lithium positive and negative poles lithium cobalt acid / lithium ferric phosphate / lithium manganese acid, graphite, organic electrolyte.

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