Power battery technology development analysis of new energy vehicles why the rapid rise

Last year, the global ban on the sale of fuel vehicles timetable, let people realize that the era of new energy vehicles is coming, and pure electric vehicles, plug-in hybrid, fuel cell vehicles and so on, why just a few years to become the theme of the future? On the one hand, it is supported by global strategies, policies and other aspects; on the other hand, the continuous improvement of power battery technology, longer battery life and shorter charging time are directly related to the commuting needs of users, so that new energy vehicles come to our side. In the future, they will replace traditional fuel vehicles, which are inseparable from People's Daily travel. So there is what people say: "the development of new energy vehicles, is the development of battery technology.

Lead-acid battery

Pure electric vehicles is the earliest use of lead-acid batteries, lead and its oxide as electrode material, sulfuric acid solution as the electrolyte, it is now most of the power source of the electric bicycle, low cost is the biggest advantage. However, because of the lead-acid battery energy density is low, resulting in the large size, small capacity and other issues, cannot satisfy a car driving force for weight control, consumption, and the service life of more than 10000 km trip every year, so cannot be used in mass production car, eventually eliminated by auto makers.

Nimh batteries

Nickel metal hydride batteries and is very close to our daily life, from the early with sound heard now common rechargeable toothbrush and other small appliances, is extremely nickel metal hydride compounds, negative extremely metal hydride, its energy density, charge and discharge times than lead-acid battery has a lot of ascension, and electrolyte nonflammable, safety guaranteed, manufacturing processes mature, byd is the world's second largest before building cars nimh battery manufacturers.

However, because the nimh battery charging efficiency, charging memory effect, and low working voltage, the inability to use high pressure quick charge), does not apply to a single power supply, suitable for auxiliary engine work. This best should belong to Toyota, the hybrid system USES atkinson engine + nimh battery pack, the atkinson engine itself has the middle speed range and efficient advantages, but also has the weak low speed and high speed, and nimh batteries can be solved just started with a great addition to the lack of motivation at a high speed.

After lithium battery was widely used, nickel-metal hydride battery also had the tendency of being completely replaced in automobile. For example, Toyota's new hybrid system adopted more efficient engine + lithium battery combination. Compared with lithium battery, nickel metal hydride battery charge capacity, cycle life and environmental protection Angle is not dominant, cost advantage is under developing lithium-ion batteries was weakened, the nimh batteries gradually withdrew from the automobile industry.

The lithium battery

Lithium battery is the current mainstream choice of new energy vehicles of lithium compounds (manganese acid lithium, lithium iron phosphate, etc.) as the electrode material, graphite as the cathode material, its advantage lies in the high energy density, small volume, light weight, high charging efficiency. Decided to lithium battery type or performance, the main factors is the battery polar materials, including anode materials is the key to the present stage, such as the mainstream of the lithium iron phosphate, ternary material of cobalt acid lithium, nickel, cobalt, manganese, etc., in the capacity, cost, low temperature differences between charge and discharge, security, and many other dimensions.

But regardless of any type, all lithium-ion battery pack will face the "enemy" in low temperature. Different types of lithium-ion batteries optimal working temperature, although there is a certain difference, but less than the best interval after to lithium ion activity is reduced, the range is larger, the influence of this is reflected in our previous tests: with a lithium battery electric vehicle, the northern winter range in actual use, generally can only achieve theoretical range of more than 60%, is 70% at most.

The negative impact of low temperature from the battery itself is not very good solution, so many car makers to find a way to give battery heating, increase the temperature control system for power battery alone, the vast majority of this approach brand models have some relief, but the actual effect is not good to solve the problem, because there are some electric temperature control system of power consumption, bigger than the losses at low temperature.

In this area can be expected is that gm group have intention to cooperate with South Korea's LG group, procurement directly inside the battery equipment temperature control of multiple components of the product, not only can give the battery cooling as now, also can increase the temperature of the battery in cold weather. The ground of this technology is worth looking forward to, it is understood that the next round of general group pure electric and plug-in electric hybrid car will be used, replace the Hitachi brand now supply the battery pack.

Hydrogen fuel cells

H2 + O2 combustion is known to all end up with water, so the hydrogen is ideal clean energy. For hydrogen itself, combustion can release a lot of energy, good low temperature performance, the most important hydrogenation efficiency is high, the hydrogenation just 5 minutes to drive more than 600 kilometers, and the data there is room for improvement, all these above are far superior to the existing lithium-ion batteries.

Commitment of the hydrogen fuel cell car, Japan and South Korea both automakers started early research, has been put into a small scale of their countries in the market, such as a test drive before the Spring Festival of modern NEXO hydrogen fuel cell car, have a lot of use to chang the winter Olympics and sale.

And hydrogen so good energy, why don't you promote? Because in today's technology for hydrogen is too difficult. Everyone learned to get hydrogen electrolysis of water, but use electricity to electrolysis of water, and then burn hydrogen eventually become water, the electricity consumption of this process and direct losses than to lithium batteries, the cost too is high. And cost, process is more appropriate from the extract oil, natural gas, but the amount is not large, so the fuel cell car "only its, difficult to promote".

Graphene battery

For the future of new energy car power battery discussion, the spectrum, the most discussed is graphene battery, some professional interpretation of "translation" is: use the material combined with lithium battery has two kinds of method of use, one is the use of graphene composites as conductive agent of lithium battery, 2 it is directly used as the anode, effect is to increase the activity of lithium-ion batteries, thus increasing range of electric vehicles, charging speed.

Graphene battery can effectively solve the lithium battery, product characteristics and new energy vehicles directly contacted with the user. This material is really big benefits, and South Korea's samsung has announced mastered the technique, but the cost is a big bottleneck, graphene access is not too easy, early is a material used in space, when, by what way to reduce costs, will be the high quality product "flying off" a big problem, the various car manufacturers hasn't released power plans in this area.

In simple terms, the working principle of pure electric vehicles is "direct electricity charge", hydrogen fuel cell car is H2 + O2 "burning" (chemical) electricity and water, and is equivalent to "burn" hydrogen to generate electricity. Both "battery" also is zero emissions, smaller electric lithium battery power density, low temperature activity affect life, slow charging problem, hydrogen fuel cell is completely, and higher working efficiency, which is called high quality energy of hydrogen.

Solid state lithium battery

Solid lithium battery as the name suggests is no longer use liquid electrolyte, using solid electrolyte, its power density than now the mainstream of the lithium battery, which means that the pure electric vehicles, achieve energy-saving petrol car range even higher, and charging efficiency compared to the present stage also has a qualitative leap, is equipped with solid state battery electric vehicle, the most ideal charging 800 km speed can be up to 1 minute, this is arguably the best core parts of new energy vehicles.

At present, some foreign energy, science and technology enterprises, as well as panasonic battery manufacturers have started the research and development of solid-state batteries and auto makers involved in this aspect of the only three Japanese Toyota, Honda and nissan car companies, this is the result of Japan's national level. From solid-state batteries have begun to research of the scheme, in 2020 is expected to manufacturing costs, energy density and a breakthrough progress. Until 2030, the results of this research will be born, widely popular in the field of new energy vehicles, namely there are far from us, this is also the auto enterprises released 2025 global ban fuel car strategy to cope with the situation, did not mention the cause of the solid-state batteries.

Car companies and even new building cars are released in the future of new energy plan, stay tuned for more related content.

Conclusion

To big said, seems to be a general direction of global environmental protection, electric power and common people life essential energy, so to electricity as fuel of new energy vehicles is the most easy to implement, most smooth transition. From the point of view of the reality, after the ban fuel car 2025, can buy only new energy vehicles, how a car battery is crucial, as this article said battery development, the old battery type gradually become history, new battery technology is still in the conceptual phase, some as long as, technology, cost and other problems in will come to you.

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