Introduction to Vehicle Power Batteries

Recently, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology announced the "Standard Conditions for the Automobile power battery Industry"(fourth batch). A total of 32 companies were selected in the catalogue, and the battery catalog will also determine whether new energy vehicles can enjoy the right to subsidies. This shows that the new energy vehicles The importance of power batteries. Power batteries not only affect the endurance of new energy vehicles, but also affect the safety of new energy vehicles. Today, I take you to understand the new energy vehicles used in the type of power batteries and their respective advantages and disadvantages.

Nowadays, power batteries can be roughly divided into three types: nickel-metal hydrogen batteries, lead-acid batteries, and lithium-ion batteries. Nickel-metal hydride batteries are synthesized from hydrogen ions and metal nickel, and are mostly used in hybrid models; Lead acid battery is an electrode mainly made of lead and its oxides, and the electrolyte is a battery of sulfuric acid solution; Lithium-ion batteries are secondary batteries(rechargeable batteries). They mainly rely on lithium ions to move between positive and negative poles. They are the main types of power batteries for mainstream new energy vehicles today.

Lithium-ion batteries are divided into the following categories according to the materials used by their positive poles: lithium cobalt acid batteries, lithium manganese batteries, lithium iron phosphate batteries, and lithium ternary batteries.

Lithium cobalt acid batteries are the earliest lithium batteries used. The high capacity density is its characteristic, but the safety and stability are poor, and they are used more in the digital electronics field. Due to its poor safety and stability, it does not apply to most new energy vehicles, but because of its super-endurance capability, Tesla Roadster uses lithium cobalt acid batteries.

Lithium manganese acid battery is the mainstream power battery, its comprehensive ability is outstanding. The characteristics of medium capacity density, cheap prices, safety and environmental protection are favored by many new energy vehicle companies. Japan and South Korea have been leading the world as lithium manganese acid batteries. In the use of new energy vehicles, such as the Nissan Leaf, it has been used.

lithium iron phosphate batteries are widely used in domestic new energy vehicles. Its greatest advantage is its safety, stability and life in other types of lithium batteries can be called "overlord level", but its low capacity density and low endurance limit its ability to "single alone". Biyadie 6, Biyadiqin and others use lithium iron phosphate batteries.

Lithium ternary battery is a new type of lithium battery that has recently emerged. Its positive electrode material is mixed with nickel cobalt manganese in a certain proportion. Its advantages are high capacity density and strong endurance, but its safety performance is slightly worse than that of lithium cobalt acid batteries. Tesla ModelS and others use ternary lithium batteries.

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