New energy car technology

I. Role of power cells

Batteries that provide power sources for vehicles in new energy vehicles are called power batteries. The function of the power cell is to receive and store high voltage DC provided by the vehicle charging motor, generator, braking energy recovery device or external charging device, and to provide high voltage DC power for electric vehicles.

New Energy Vehicle Technology 4-Power Batteries in New Energy Vehicles

Power cells are the core components of pure electric vehicles and one of the most expensive components in new energy vehicles. The performance of the power cell directly determines the actual value of the car.

The power cell in a pure electric car serves as the power source for the entire car. It replaces the oil energy of a fuel-powered car and is equivalent to the "heart" of a pure electric car. It provides continuous and stable energy for the entire vehicle and drives the vehicle.

II.Classification of power cells

The variety of power batteries used in new energy vehicles is varied. After technological development and alternation, there are mainly lead-acid batteries, nickel-metal hydride batteries, and lithium-ion batteries in new energy vehicles.

New Energy Vehicle Technology 4-Power Batteries in New Energy Vehicles

As a low-voltage auxiliary battery for new energy vehicles, lead-acid batteries provide low-voltage working power for ordinary low-voltage electrical systems of vehicles. At present, lead-acid batteries are no longer used as power batteries.

NiMH batteries are mainly used in Toyota's hybrid and plug-in hybrid vehicles, such as Toyota's ordinary hybrid Camry Twin Engine, Corolla Twin Engine, Ralink Twin Engine, etc. The plug-in hybrid Prius also uses NiMH batteries.

Lithium-ion batteries are commonly used in pure electric vehicles, such as BYD E6, Beiqi EV200/160, Roewe E50, Changan Yidong EV, BMW i3, etc.

New Energy Vehicle Technology 4-Power Batteries in New Energy Vehicles

III. Application of nickel-metal hydrogen powered batteries

1. Features of nickel-metal hydride batteries

Nickel-hydrogen powered batteries(hereinafter referred to as nickel-metal hydride batteries) are alkaline batteries and are a new type of green battery developed in the 1990s. In the 1990s, electric vehicles, especially hybrid electric vehicles, were used on a large scale.

The characteristics of nickel-metal hydride batteries in the irregular charging and discharge state of hybrid vehicles have hardly changed, and nickel-metal hydride batteries are suitable for hybrid vehicles.

The characteristics of nickel-metal hydride batteries are as follows:

Nickel-metal hydride batteries have many advantages such as no pollution, high specific energy, high power, fast charging and discharging, and durability. Compared with lead-acid batteries, nickel-metal hydride batteries have the characteristics of high energy, light weight, small size, and long cycle life.

The basic unit of a nickel-metal hydride battery is a monomer battery with a monomer voltage of 1.2 V, which is combined into nickel-metal hydride battery assemblies with different voltages and different charges as required for use.

2. Application of nickel-metal hydride batteries

Toyota Prius, Camry Hybrid Edition, Corolla Twin Engine, Ralink Twin Engine and other models use Toyota THS-II hybrid drive system, the power battery is nickel-hydrogen battery, the battery is installed in the trunk behind the rear seat of the vehicle, power The battery consists of 34 battery modules consisting of six 1.2V single-cell nickel-hydrogen batteries with a voltage of 7.2V. The nominal voltage of the power battery is 244.8V.

IIII. Principle and Application of Lithium Electron power battery

1. Characteristics of lithium electron-powered batteries

Lithium-ion batteries have the advantages of high energy density and high power charging and discharging ability, and have gradually become the first choice for electric vehicles. According to the different cathode materials, lithium ion batteries on electric vehicles can be divided into lithium manganate batteries, lithium cobalt acid batteries, lithium iron phosphate batteries, and lithium ternary batteries.

BYD E6 electric vehicles, Beiqi EV200/160, Guangqi New Energy AG, and Rongwei E50 all use lithium iron phosphate batteries, and Tesla electric vehicles generally use lithium ternary batteries.

Lithium-ion batteries have two types: Square and cylindrical. Lithium-ion batteries consist of positive poles, negative poles, partitions, electrolytes, and safety valves.

New Energy Vehicle Technology 4-Power Batteries in New Energy Vehicles

The charging temperature of lithium batteries should generally be limited to 0 to 60 °C. High battery temperature can damage the battery and may cause an explosion; Low temperatures do not cause safety problems, but it is difficult to fill the battery.

2. Lithium electronic battery applications

At present, lithium electronic batteries are widely used in various types of electric vehicles at home and abroad.

BYD E6 uses a lithium iron phosphate power cell, which is a lithium ion battery with a positive electrode using lithium iron phosphate. The BYD E6 power cell has a monomer battery voltage of 3.3 V and consists of 11 battery modules, a total of 96 monomer batteries with a nominal voltage of 316.8 V. The battery is mounted on the bottom of the vehicle.

New Energy Vehicle Technology 4-Power Batteries in New Energy Vehicles

Zhongtaiyun 100S lithium electronic power battery is installed at the bottom of the vehicle. The battery has a rated voltage of 108V, a maximum output current of 160A, a maximum input current of 120A, a maximum output power of 37.8 Kw, and a minimum output voltage of 90V.

New Energy Vehicle Technology 4-Power Batteries in New Energy Vehicles

The power battery of Zhongtai Taijie pure electric minibuses uses a three-way lithium ion battery with a rated voltage of 324V and a maximum output power of 64.8 kW. The operating temperature is -20 °C to 60 °C. The power battery is installed at the bottom of the vehicle.

New Energy Vehicle Technology 4-Power Batteries in New Energy Vehicles

The Tesla S power cell is installed between the front and rear axes of the vehicle chassis. The battery pack occupies almost all of the vehicle chassis. The power cell consists of more than 7,000 18650 lithium cells with a capacity of 85kWH and 400V DC. The battery pack consists of 16 batteries in series, and each battery pack consists of 444 lithium cells, each 74 cells in parallel. Therefore, Tesla S power battery  pack consists of 7104 sections of 1,8650 lithium cells.

New Energy Vehicle Technology 4-Power Batteries in New Energy Vehicles

The BMW i8/i3 power cell is a lithium-ion battery provided by South Korea's Samsung SDI. The single battery rated voltage is 3.7 V, and 12 single batteries form a battery module. A total of 8 battery modules constitute a high-voltage power battery with a rated voltage of 360V.

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