The indispensable relationship between lithium batteries and mobile phones

First, why use lithium batteries for mobile phones?

Is mobile phone range a problem for manufacturers?

At present, most of the batteries we use come from an old model, the original battery in 1800 A.D. Over the past 300 years, people have been searching for positive and negative materials to improve energy density. Dry batteries, nickel-cadmium batteries and popular lithium batteries are upgrading materials. The principle is similar to that of batteries more than 300 years ago.

In fact, the earliest big brother cell phones used nickel-hydrogen batteries, not lithium batteries. After Sony invented rechargeable lithium-ion batteries in 1992, lithium-ion batteries gradually entered our computers, mobile phones and become mainstream batteries.

Batteries are composed of positive, negative and electrolyte. There are few kinds of electrolyte. One is traditional electrolyte. We call it lithium-ion battery without any other name. The other is organic polymer as electrolyte. But organic polymer is no longer liquid. We call it lithium-polymer battery or lithium-ion polymer battery. These are two main categories.

Under the two categories, according to the difference of positive materials (most of the negative materials are graphite), lithium cobalt oxide lithium ion (polymer), lithium manganate lithium ion battery, ternary lithium ion battery and lithium iron phosphate lithium ion battery are divided. In this regard, lithium cobalt oxide cycle times are relatively small, the safety is poor, but the capacity is better, relatively cheap, the most used mobile phone batteries are lithium cobalt oxide batteries.

Ternary material has better performance. Except peak current overload, other indicators are good, but it is expensive and less used.

Lithium manganate has good safety and overload, but its capacity, life and use are not good.

lithium iron phosphate has the best life and large overload, but its capacity is not good and its price is expensive, except for electric vehicles and aircraft models. That is to say, our current cell phone batteries are already using materials with better capacity, unless Sony invented lithium-ion batteries in 1992, this breakthrough can only be slowly upgraded.

Second, what influences battery capacity?

Is mobile phone range a problem for manufacturers?

In fact, the energy density of batteries is a natural problem. The energy we use in our daily life is, in the final analysis, the transfer of electrons. From a chemical point of view, we burn coal and oil, which are redox reactions, including electron transfer.

We use batteries, but also the transfer of electrons, and junior high school chemistry all know the concept of valence, an atom, the number of electron transfer is limited. Only light atoms in the first two rows of the periodic table of elements can be a good energy carrier. But there are only 10 elements in the first two rows of the periodic table of chemical elements, helium, lithium, beryllium and boron, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, fluorine and neon. Among them, helium and neon are inert gases, oxygen and fluorine are oxidants. Among hydrogen, carbon, boron, beryllium and lithium, only lithium is currently used for batteries.

Originally, lithium metal was very dangerous. It was Sony that invented lithium-ion batteries that allowed lithium to be used for rechargeable batteries. In batteries, not only lithium compounds, but also anode materials and electrolytes are needed. The result is that the lithium material only contains about 2% of the battery's weight, which is released entirely without much power, let alone about 50% of the battery's capacity for stability.

Ultimately, mankind has made a lot of efforts to produce a variety of new materials, including graphene and carbon nano tubes, but thankfully, the energy density of industrialized batteries can be increased by 10% every year.

3. Not intentionally strangled

Is mobile phone range a problem for manufacturers?

As a matter of fact, there is news about the progress of battery materials every year or even every month. But industrialization needs a process, in fact, lithium-ion batteries from invention to industrialization is only a few years. True breakthroughs will soon be transformed.

The so-called capital crocodile hinders technological progress is not tenable, because from lead-acid batteries to nickel-hydrogen batteries, from nickel-hydrogen batteries to today's lithium-ion batteries, are great breakthroughs, if the crocodile has the ability to stifle progress, then today we are still using lead-acid batteries.

For integrators like Apple and Millet. They do not have the ability to determine the upstream industry chain. Samsung, LG, lishen and BYD give them what kind of cell phone batteries they can make. In fact, Apple's endurance in the mobile phone is not bad. Cell phone batteries have been improving, and the energy density of cell phone batteries has doubled in the past 10 years. Doppler 696 used to have only 1200 MAH batteries, but today 3000 MAH batteries are not much. But because of the high performance processors and large screen, the power consumption of modern smart phones is much higher than that of functional phones. Batteries have improved, and we still feel that batteries are not enough.

In addition, the lightening of mobile phones also limits the durability of mobile phones. Now a manufacturer has developed 6000MAH mobile phones with excellent durability, 11.9mm thick, which are still considered too thick. In the era of functional phones, 15mm mobile phones are normal.

You need thin, large screen, high-speed processors, and a battery that says, "Concubines really can't do it."

Therefore, the insufficient durability of mobile phones is the result of the limitation of lithium battery principle, the slow progress of material science and the excessive growth of power consumption of smart phones. The so-called conspiracy theory

The page contains the contents of the machine translation.