Electric vehicle charging pile interface and five major electric vehicle standard charging adapter interface detailed information

Electric vehicle charging pile interface and five major electric vehicle standard charging adapter interface detailed information

1, Combo

Combo sockets allow for slow and fast charging of electric vehicles. They are the most widely used socket types in Europe, including Audi, BMW, Chrysler, Daimler, Ford, General Motors, Porsche and Volkswagen. SAE (American Society of Automotive Engineers)) The charging interface was developed.

On October 2, 2012, the SAEJ1772 revised draft voted by the SAE committee concerned became the only official DC charging standard in the world. The introduction of this standard is to change the status quo of the hybrid charging system and enhance consumers' enthusiasm for purchasing electric vehicles. Based on the revised version of J1772, the standard for DC fast charging is ComboConnector.

The previous version of the standard (developed in 2010) specifies the specifications of the basic J1772 connector for AC charging, with a low level of charge (AC Level 1 for 120V and Level 2 for 240V). This basic connector has been widely used today and is compatible with Nissan Leaf, Chevrolet Volt and Mitsubishi i-MiEV. In addition to all the original functions, the ComboConnector in the new J1772 standard, which was developed in 2012, has two additional pins for DC fast charging, but it is not compatible with the old electric cars currently produced.

Advantages: The biggest benefit of ComboConnector is that future car manufacturers can use a socket on their new models, not only for the first generation of smaller basic AC connectors, but also for the second generation of larger ComboConnectors. Both DC and AC currents can be supplied and charged at two different speeds.

Disadvantages: In the fast charge mode, the charging station is required to provide up to 500 volts and 200 amps of current.

2, CHAdeMO

CHAdeMO is the abbreviation of CHArgedeMove. It is a CHAdeMO socket supported by Nissan and Mitsubishi Motors. The translation of CHAdeMO from Japanese means "the charging time is as short as a tea break." This DC fast charging socket can provide a charging capacity of up to 50kw.

Electric vehicle models that support this charging standard include: Nissan Leaf, Mitsubishi Outlander Plug-in Hybrid, Citroen C-ZERO, Peugeot iON, Citroen Berlingo, Peugeot Partner, Mitsubishi i-MiEV, Mitsubishi MINICAB-MiEV, Mitsubishi MINICAB-MiEV Truck , Honda Fit electric version, Mazda DEMIOEV, Subaru Stella plug-in hybrid car, Nissan eEV200 and so on. It should be noted here that Nissan Leaf and Mitsubishi i-MiEV electric vehicles have two different charging sockets, one for the basic J1772 connector, which is the Combo connector described in the first part; the other is for Japan's native CHAdeMO standard connector.

The fast charging method adopted by CHAdeMO is shown in the figure, and the current is controlled by the CAN bus signal of the car. That is, while monitoring the battery state, the current value required for charging is calculated in real time, and the notification is sent to the charger through the communication line; the fast charger receives the current command from the car in time, and supplies the current according to the specified value.

The battery management system monitors the battery condition while controlling the current in real time, fully realizing the functions required for fast and safe charging, ensuring that charging is not limited by battery versatility. In Japan, 1,154 sets of quick chargers installed in accordance with the CHAdeMO standard are put into use. In the United States, CHAdeMO's charging stations have also been widely spread. The latest data from the US Department of Energy shows that there are 1,344 CHAdeMO AC fast charging stations in the United States.

Advantages: Outside the data control line, CHAdeMO also uses CAN bus as the communication interface. Because of its superior anti-noise performance and high error detection capability, communication stability and reliability are high. Its good charging safety record has been recognized by the industry.

Disadvantages: CHAdeMO was originally designed with a charging output of 100 kW and the connector is very bulky, but the output power of the charging car is only 50 kW.

3. Tesla

Tesla has its own charging standard, which claims to be able to run more than 300 kilometers in 30 minutes. Therefore, its charging socket can have a maximum capacity of 120kw and a maximum current of 80A.

Tesla currently has 908 super charging stations in the United States. In order to enter China, Tesla has also established 7 super charging stations in China, 3 in Shanghai, 2 in Beijing, 1 in Hangzhou and 1 in Shenzhen. In addition, in order to better integrate into various regions, Tesla plans to abandon the control of charging standards and adopt the national standards of various countries, which have been implemented in China.

Then the problem comes, although the beneficial effect of Tesla is that Tesla owners can borrow the huge charging network built by the Chinese government to charge; Tesla increases product sales. The problem is that the owner of the Tesla model has already purchased how to charge after the standard changes. If there is no corresponding solution. The contradiction faced by Tesla owners is: First, the charging station can only be charged before the standard change, the convenience of charging will not improve over time; the second is to find Tesla to retreat.

Advantages: advanced technology and high charging efficiency.

Disadvantages: Contrary to national standards, it is difficult to increase sales without compromise; charging efficiency will be compromised after compromise, in a dilemma.

4, CCS

In order to change the status quo of chaotic charging interface standards, the United States and Germany's eight major manufacturers Ford, GM, Chrysler, Audi, BMW, Mercedes-Benz, Volkswagen and Porsche released the "Joint Charging System" in 2012. "Combined Charging System" (CCS) standard.

The "Joint Charging System" can unify all current charging interfaces, so that one mode can complete four modes of single-phase AC charging, fast three-phase AC charging, home DC charging and over-speed DC charging.

SAE has selected a joint charging system as its standard. In addition to SAE, the European Automobile Manufacturers Association (ACEA) has also announced the selection of a combined charging system as a DC/AC charging interface, starting in 2017 for all sales in Europe. Electric electric car. Since Germany and China unified the charging standards for electric vehicles last year, China has also joined the European and American system, which has brought unprecedented opportunities for the development of electric vehicles in China. ZINORO 1E, Audi A3e-tron, Beiqi E150EV, BMW i3, Tengshi, Volkswagen e-up, Changan Yidong EV and SmartEV are all part of the "CCS" standard camp.

Advantages: The three German automakers, BMW, Daimler and Volkswagen, will increase their investment in electric vehicles in China, which is more favorable to China.

Disadvantages: Electric vehicles that support the "CCS" standard, or have a small sales volume, or just starting to sell.

5, GB/T20234

In 2006, China issued the General Requirements for Plugs, Sockets, Vehicle Couplers and Vehicle Jacks for Conductive Charging of Electric Vehicles (GB/T20234-2006). This national standard specifies the charging currents for 16A, 32A, 250A AC. The classification method of connection with 400A DC mainly draws on the standards proposed by the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) in 2003, but this standard does not specify the number of connection pins, physical dimensions and interface definition of the charging interface. In 2011, China introduced the GB/T20234-2011 recommended standard, replacing some of the contents of GB/T20234-2006, which stipulates that: AC rated voltage does not exceed 690V, frequency is 50Hz, rated current does not exceed 250A; DC rated voltage Not exceeding 1000V, the rated current does not exceed 400A.

Advantages: More charging interface parameters are calibrated in detail compared to the 2006 national standard.

Disadvantages: The standard is still not perfect. In addition, it is only a recommended standard and is not enforced.

Car companies all over the world have realized that "standards" are the key factors affecting development prospects of electric vehicles. In recent years, global charging standards have moved from "diversification" to "centralization." However, in order to truly achieve the unified charging standard, besides interface standard, current communication standard is required. The former relates to whether connector match, and the latter affects whether plug can energize when inserted. The unified standardization of electric vehicle charging standards still has a long way to go. Car companies and governments all need to further "release their posture", and electric vehicles may have a good development.

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