The advantages and disadvantages of lithium- ion batteries

Lithium-ion battery is a rechargeable battery, which mainly relies on lithium ions to move between the positive and negative poles to work. Traditionally, lithium ion is embedded into the anode material process; leave the process to take off the embedded. Lithium ion anode materials into the process is called insertion, leave the process is called to take off the plug. Lithium-ion battery easily confused with below two batteries concept:

The lithium battery: although is often used as a lithium-ion battery. But strictly lithium battery is lithium battery, lithium elemental.

The lithium ion Polymer battery: a kind of replacing liquid organic solvent with polymer lithium ion battery, its security is better.

Advantages

High energy density: depending on the electrode material, it can reach 150 ~ 200Wh/kg(540 ~ 720kJ/kg) by mass calculation. By volume, it can reach 250 ~ 530Wh/L (0.9 ~ 1.9kJ /cm3).

High open circuit voltage: on the basis of different electrode materials and different, can reach 3.3 ~ 4.2 V.

Output power: on the basis of different electrode materials and different, can reach 300 ~ 300 w/kg (@ 20 seconds).

No memory effect: lithium iron phosphate lithium-ion battery has no memory effect, the battery can charge and discharge at any time without emptying electric power, use convenient maintenance.

Low self-discharge:

Wide working temperature range, can be in - 20 ℃ ~ 60 ℃ between normal work.

Fast charge and discharge

Therefore, lithium-ion batteries are widely used in consumer electronics, military industry,special products, etc.

Disadvantages

Aging: unlike other rechargeable batteries, lithium-ion battery capacity will be slow to recession, has nothing to do with use, but related to the temperature. Possible mechanism is the internal resistance increased. Therefore, electronic products with high working current are more easily reflected. Replacing graphite with lithium titanate seems to extend life. The relationship between storage temperature and permanent loss rate of capacity is as follows:

Rechargeable battery storage temperature 0 ℃ storage temperature 25 ℃ storage temperature 40 ℃ storage temperature 60 ℃

In 40% ~ 60% / 4% / 2% / 25% / 15%

100% 6% / 35% / 80% / 20% / year in June

Recovery: about 1% of the ex-factory product needs to recycle because of various reasons.

Intolerance of overcharging: when overcharging, excessive embedded lithium ions will be permanently fixed in the lattice and cannot be released again, resulting in shortened battery life.

Intolerance discharge: when a discharge (discharge) when voltage is less than 3.0 V, electrodes embedded excess lithium ion, which can lead to the collapse of the lattice, thus shortens life.

Need multiple protection mechanisms: due to incorrect use will reduce the life and may even lead to explosive, so, when lithium ion battery design increases the various protection mechanisms.

Protection circuit: prevent overcharge, discharge, overload, overheating.

Vent: avoid the battery internal pressure is too large.

Diaphragm: high puncture resistance to prevent internal short circuit; In battery internal temperature too high can also melt, prevent the lithium ions, inhibits cell reaction, increase internal resistance (Ω to 2 k).

Once activated, the vent and diaphragm will permanently disable the battery.

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