Batteries for electric vehicles, which one is better,Lithium-ion batteries or lead-acid batteries?

Lithium ion battery lead-acid battery

1. Rechargeable battery (alkaline battery -- lead-acid battery)

2. Cycle life (1200 ~ 2000 times -- 500 ~ 900 times)

3. Specific energy (150W·h/kg -- 40W·h/kg)

4. Charging time (2 ~ 4h -- quick charging 3 ~ 6h (quick charging technology is not mature yet)

5. Charging and discharging energy efficiency (conversion efficiency of charging and discharging energy of lithium ion battery can be greater than 97% -- conversion efficiency of charging and discharging energy of lead-acid battery is about 80%)

6. Price (higher 24V/10Ah price: 750 ~ 1200 yuan -- lower 24V/12Ah price: 200 ~ 300 yuan)

7. Volume (the volume of small lithium ion battery is 2/3 of that of lead-acid battery -- large)

8. Weight (only 1/3 ~ 1/4 of the weight of lead-acid battery)

9. Driving range (power -- environmental protection)

10. There is no pollution in production and use (there is pollution in production -- there is a large amount of lead in lead-acid batteries, which will pollute the environment if not handled properly after being discarded).

11. Lithium ion battery (charge in constant current and constant voltage mode -- lithium battery is vulnerable to overcharge, deep discharge and short circuit)

12. Charging and maintenance (complex, high maintenance cost -- simple, open circuit provided with low maintenance cost)

13. Power supply (small open circuit power supply provided, more series connection -- large open circuit power supply provided)

"Lithium battery" is a kind of battery with lithium metal or lithium alloy as negative electrode material and non-aqueous electrolyte solution. In 1912, lithium metal battery was first proposed and studied by gilbertn.lewis. In the 1970s, M.S.W. hittingham proposed and began to study lithium-ion batteries. Due to the very lively chemical properties of lithium metal, the processing, preservation and use of lithium metal have very high requirements for the environment. So lithium batteries have not been used for a long time. With the development of science and technology, lithium battery has become the mainstream.

Lithium batteries can be roughly divided into two categories: lithium metal batteries and lithium ion batteries. Lithium-ion batteries do not contain metallic lithium and are rechargeable. The fifth generation of rechargeable lithium metal battery was born in 1996. Its safety, specific capacity, self-discharge rate and performance/price ratio are all better than lithium ion battery. Because of its own high technology requirements, only a few companies in a few countries now produce the lithium metal battery.

First, lithium batteries are better. Both the volume and weight of lithium batteries are more than 3 times higher than lead-acid batteries. Lithium batteries are smaller and lighter. Long cycle life. The cycle life of lithium battery used in electric vehicle is generally more than 800 times. The lithium battery with lithium iron phosphate anode material can reach about 2000 times, exceeding the lead acid battery by 1.5 ~ 5 times. This greatly reduces the cost of lithium battery, extends the service life and improves the convenience.

Ii. Comparison between lithium battery and lead-acid battery

1. Battery capacity

Lithium batteries generally have a capacity of 8-10 amperes, and lead-acid batteries have a capacity of about 20 amperes.

2. Driving kilometers

With the same 48-v battery, both lithium-ion and lead-acid batteries can run 30 to 40 kilometers on a full charge, depending on the size of the motor used.

3. Durability

Lithium battery is durable, slow consumption, charge and discharge more than 500 times, and no memory, the general life of 4-5 years. Lead-acid battery is generally in deep charge and discharge 400 times, memory, life of about two years. If the use of maintenance-free lead-acid battery, it is important to note that the battery water loss is small, the use of generally do not need to add distilled water. In terms of durability, lithium battery has good seismic resistance. The battery in the fully charged state is safely fixed. It vibrates for 1 hour at an amplitude of 4mm and a frequency of 16.7hz. Good overcharge resistance, 25 c, fully charged battery 0.1ca charging 48 hours, no leakage, no battery expansion and rupture, open circuit voltage normal, capacity maintenance rate of more than 95%; Good resistance to large current, fully charged battery 2CA discharge 5 minutes or 10CA discharge 5 seconds, no conductive part fuse, no appearance deformation.

4. Price and warranty period

The current mainstream of the battery is 48 volts, if the need for replacement, lead-acid battery in 380-450 yuan (48v12ah-48v20ah) or so, the warranty period for 1 year; Lithium battery is relatively expensive, requiring about 1000 yuan (48V12AH), but its warranty period is 2 years.

5. Warranty period

The battery of current mainstream on the market is 48 volt, if need to change, lead-acid battery is controlled in 450, warranty period is 1 year; Lithium batteries are relatively expensive, costing around 1,000 yuan, but they have a two-year warranty.

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