What are the types of materials composed lithium ion batteries?

Lithium ion batteries are generally composed of positive electrode and negative electrode materials. The positive electrode material comprises lithium nickelate, lithium manganate, ternary, lithium acid, lithium iron phosphate, etc., and the negative electrode material generally has amorphous carbon material, graphitized carbon material, silicon-based material, nitride, new alloy, etc.

In addition, if you look for the chemical substances composed of lithium batteries, it is even more. Such as composition of electrolyte, CMC, cobalt acid lithium, diaphragm, PVDF, high temperature tape, NMP, graphite anode, SBR, oxalic acid, copper foil, aluminum foil, etc. These are the composition of lithium battery materials.

A method of preparation of lithium battery cathode material characteristics including the mixed can release of phosphate ion compounds in aqueous solution and the metal iron dissolved metallic iron, then roasting, so synthetic iron phosphate. The method further includes the raw mix reaction, the grinding size or return at the same time, it can produce a fine particle diameter and shows highly active iron phosphate cathode material, and using has the fine particle diameter precursor before roasting.

Lithium battery casing alloy material construction has significant safety performance considerations, which can be expressed by material thickness and bulging coefficient. The same capacity of lithium battery is lighter than steel shell, because aluminum shell can be thinner. From the perspective of the working mechanism of lithium battery, charging, lithium ion is embedded, the anode volume expansion; Discharging, embedded lithium ion from the anode, cathode inflation; Can create entity, through the proper alloy formula can reduce coefficient of ballooning.

There is also a stainless steel rigid shell, and the battery casing made of this material is also a lot. Stainless steel is short for acid-proof stainless steel, resistant to weak corrosive medium such as air, steam, water, or with a stainless steel grade is called stainless steel; And resistance to chemical corrosion medium (acid, alkali, salt and other chemical etching) corrosion of steel called acid-resistant steel.

Shenzhen Yaluhang New Energy Materials Factory specializes in research and development of power battery aluminum shell, power battery aluminum shell, lithium battery shell, power battery cover/cap/top cover, square/cylindrical lithium-ion battery aluminum shell. It has independent industrial park, high-end Production equipment to ensure product performance and quality.

The mainstream of lithium batteries used in automotive batteries in China's electric vehicle industry is iron lithium, manganese lithium and ternary.

Lithium manganese: 1. the price is cheap.2. Good low temperature performance, minus 20 degrees below zero discharge can have more than 90% efficiency.3. Good safety performance.

But disadvantage: 1. the high temperature performance is poor (2) low cycle life (normal life in around 300-400) (3) g (112) 4. The specific capacity discharge difference (such as car uphill and quick start, a great influence on the battery)

Ternary: 1. the price is the most expensive 2. Three kinds of material high capacity (150.) can save the volume 3. Good cycle life (600 to 700) 4. The discharge

But disadvantage: 1. Safety performance is the worst in three (especially steel shell) 2. The current Chinese battery industry mastery of the material is not yet mature, with not much.

Lithium iron: 1. the price is moderate 2. The capacity is moderate (130) 3. The cycle life is high (about 1500 times) 4. The high temperature performance is good 5. The rate discharge is good.

But disadvantage: 1. the price is not cheap (2) the low temperature performance is bad (3) on the electric car can fully demonstrate its superior performance (20 times can be 6 minutes on a full charge, discharge)

First, lithium battery according to the exterior: square type lithium electricity (such as the commonly used cell phone batteries) and cylinder (e.g., 18650);

Second, Lithium battery outsourcing material: aluminum shell lithium-ion batteries, steel shell lithium-ion batteries, soft package of batteries;

Third, Lithium battery anode materials from (additive): sell (LiCoO2) acid lithium batteries or lithium manganese acid (LiMn2O4), Lithium iron phosphate batteries, disposable lithium manganese dioxide battery; Another point: lithium ion LIB, polymer PLB

Fourth, the performance of the different uses points:

One-time - lithium manganese batteries, button 3 v battery

High capacity (high platform), used in mobile digital products

High ratio- used in electric cars and electric tools and model plane

High temperature- a miner's lamp, room lighting, machine built-in back-up power;

Low temperature-- - outdoor environment, () in winter in the north South Pole;

The ternary polymer lithium batteryIs correct material using lithium nickel manganese cobalt ternary cathode material of lithium batteries, lithium ion battery cathode material has a lot of kinds mainly include cobalt acid lithium, lithium manganese acid lithium, nickel, ternary material, lithium iron phosphate, etc. Ternary composite materials for acid lithium cobalt acid lithium, nickel and manganese acid lithium three kinds of materials, the advantages of high capacity, low cost and good safety, in its small lithium electricity gradually occupy a certain market share, and in the field of power li-ion battery has a good development prospect.

For lithium-ion batteries, cobalt metal is indispensable material. But the high price of cobalt metal on the one hand, on the one hand, toxicity, leading technology, Japan and South Korea enterprise or domestic battery manufacturers are committed to the battery "cobalt" less in recent years. Under this trend, with nickel, cobalt salt, manganese salt as raw material preparation of nickel cobalt manganese acid lithium was honored ternary material gradually. From the chemical point of view, the ternary material belongs to excessive metal oxides, and the energy density of the battery is high.

Although in the ternary material, the effect of cobalt is indispensable, but the quality score usually controlled at about 20%, a significant reduction in the cost. And at the same time combines the advantages of acid lithium cobalt acid lithium and nickel. As companies kept increasing production at home and abroad in recent years, with the ternary material as the anode material of lithium battery to replace the commercial trend of cobalt acid lithium is very obvious.

From electric cars to smart phones, wearable device or charging treasures, this new technology is perfectly suited. Tesla (micro blogging) as early as ternary batteries used in electric cars, Models range can reach 486 kilometers, the battery capacity of 85 KWH, adopted 8142 3.4 AH Panasonic type 18650 batteries. Engineers will these cells in the form of bricks, pieces one by one. The average distribution of the whole battery pack, battery pack is located in the deck.

From a global perspective, the R&D and production of ternary materials are constantly advancing. In this process, the material performance has been greatly improved, and the application field has been expanded. Japanese and Korean companies are the leader in the development of ternary material batteries. The production of domestic ternary materials started from around 2005, and more than a dozen large-scale enterprises have emerged.

Lithium iron phosphate

As lithium iron phosphate Lithium power battery material has been appeared in recent years, domestic developed large-capacity lithium iron phosphate battery is 2005.Its safety performance and cycle life is unmatched by other materials, the most important of these is power battery technology index.1 c filling cycle life over 2000 times. Single battery charging voltage 30 v does not burn, puncture not explode. Lithium iron phosphate cathode material to make the large capacity lithium ion battery series are more likely to use, in order to meet the needs of the electric charge and discharge frequently.

Lithium iron phosphate has a non-toxic, no pollution, safety performance is good, raw material sources, the price is cheap, the advantages of long service life, is the ideal of a new generation of lithium ion battery cathode material. lithium iron phosphate battery also has its disadvantages, such as lithium iron phosphate cathode material of the tap density is small, the bulk of the lithium iron phosphate battery such as capacity than cobalt acid lithium and other lithium ion battery, so don't have an advantage in terms of micro cells.

Due to the intrinsic characteristics of the lithium iron phosphate, determines the low temperature performance is inferior to manganese acid lithium and other positive electrode material. In general, for single batteries (note that is only instead of the battery, for the battery pack, the measured performance at low temperature may be slightly higher, which related to the cooling conditions), the capacity of 0 ℃ to keep the rate of about 60 ~ 70%, to 10 ℃ for 40 ~ 55%, is 20 ~ 40% - 20 ℃.The low temperature performance obviously cannot satisfy the using demand of the electric supply. At present, some manufacturers have improved the low temperature performance of lithium iron phosphate by improving the electrolyte system, improving the positive electrode formulation, improving the material properties and improving the design of the cell structure.

There is a problem with the battery consistency. The life of a single lithium iron phosphate battery is currently more than 2,000 times, but the life of the battery pack will be greatly reduced, possibly 500 times. Because the battery pack is made up of a large number of single cells, its working state is better than a group of people tied up with ropes to run, even if everyone is a sprinter, if everyone's movement consistency is not high, the team will not run fast, the whole The speed is even slower than the slowest individual player. The same is true for the battery pack. Only when the battery performance is highly consistent, the life can be brought close to the level of the single battery.

Manganese acid lithium

Manganese acid lithium is a promising one of lithium ion battery anode materials, compared with the traditional anode materials, such as cobalt acid lithium manganese acid lithium is rich in resources, low cost, no pollution, good safety, ratio performance is good wait for an advantage, is the ideal power battery cathode material, but its poor circulation and electrochemical stability performance is greatly limits its industrialization. Mainly includes spinel manganese acid lithium manganese acid lithium manganese acid lithium and layered structure, including spinel lithium manganese acid stable structure, easy to realize industrialized production, products are now market for this kind of structure. Spinel lithium manganese acid belongs to the cubic crystal system, Fd3m space group, the theory of specific capacity is 148mah/g, with 3 d tunnel structure, lithium ion can be reversibly from spinel lattice nested, will not cause the collapse of structures, thus has excellent performance and stability.

Nowadays, the traditional belief that manganese acid lithium has low energy density and poor cycle performance has been greatly improved (typical value of Wanli New Energy: 123mah/g, 400 times, typical value of high cycle type 107mah/g, 2000 times). Surface modification and doping can effectively change its electrochemical properties, and surface modification can effectively inhibit manganese dissolution and electrolyte decomposition. Doping can effectively suppress the Jahn-Teller effect during charge and discharge. The combination of surface modification and doping can undoubtedly further improve the electrochemical performance of the material, which is believed to be one of the future research directions for the modification of spinel lithium manganate.

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