The advantages and disadvantages of ternary lithium batteries

The ternary lithium battery

The ternary polymer lithium battery refers to the lithium battery with lithium cobalt manganese acid lithium (Li (NiCoMn) O2) as the ternary positive electrode material. The precursor of ternary composite cathode material is nickel salt, cobalt salt and manganese salt. The proportion of nickel cobalt manganese in it can be adjusted according to actual needs. Batteries with a positive electrode made of ternary material are safer than lithium cobalt oxide batteries, but the voltage is too low。There will be an obvious feeling of insufficient capacity when used on mobile phones (the cut-off voltage of mobile phones is generally around 3.0V).

The ternary polymer lithium battery refers to the lithium battery which uses the lithium nickel-cobalt-manganese ternary as the positive electrode material. There are many kinds of cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries, including lithium cobalt acid, lithium manganese acid, lithium nickel acid, ternary materials and lithium iron phosphate, etc. At present, the battery cell of ternary material has replaced the lithium cobalt oxide cell used before, which is widely used in the field of notebook battery.

In a relatively balanced capacity and safety of materials, good cycle performance in normal cobalt acid lithium, early due to technical reasons the nominal voltage is only 3.5 3.6 V, limited in scope, but so far, as incremental improvements were made in the formulation and perfect structure, the nominal voltage of the battery has reached 3.7v, and the capacity of the battery has reached or exceeded the level of lithium cobalt oxide battery.

The five largest batteries brand SANYO, PANASONIC, SONY, LG, SAMSUNG has launched ternary material of batteries, a considerable part of the laptop battery line with ternary material of batteries to replace the previous cobalt acid lithium batteries, SANYO, SAMSUNG pillar has halted cobalt acid lithium batteries battery to ternary batteries manufacturing. At present, most of the small high-power batteries at home and abroad use ternary anode materials.

It can reduce the cationic mixed space, stabilize the layered structure of the material, reduce the impedance value, improve the conductivity, and improve the cycling and multiplying performance. Increase material capacity (increase material volume energy density. However, due to the similar radius of Li and Ni, excessive Ni will also cause lithium nickel mixed row due to dislocation with Li. The higher the concentration of nickel ions in the lithium layer, the more difficult the delinking of lithium in the layered structure will be, resulting in poor electrochemical performance.

It not only can reduce the cost of materials, but also can improve the security and stability of the material. But high Mn content will easily lead to spinel phase and damage the layered structure, resulting in reduced capacity and cyclic attenuation.

High energy density is the advantage of ternary lithium battery, and voltage platform is an important index of battery energy density, which determines the basic efficiency and cost of the battery. The higher the voltage platform, the greater the specific capacity, so the same volume, weight, and even the same ampere hour battery, high voltage platform ternary material lithium battery life is longer. The discharge voltage platform of monomer lithium ternary battery is up to 3.7v, lithium iron phosphate is 3.2v, and lithium titanate is only 2.3v. Therefore, from the perspective of energy density, lithium ternary battery has an absolute advantage over lithium iron phosphate, lithium manganate or lithium titanate.

Poor safety and short cycle life are the main disadvantages of ternary lithium battery. Security performance, in particular, has been a major factor that has limited its large-scale configuration and large-scale integration applications. A large number of field tests have shown that it is difficult for ternary batteries with large capacity to pass safety tests such as needling and overcharging, which is also the reason why manganese elements are generally introduced into high-capacity batteries or even mixed with lithium manganate. The cycle life of 500 times is below the average of lithium battery, so the main application field of ternary lithium battery is 3C digital consumer electronic products.

Lithium ternary battery has high energy density and better cycling performance than normal lithium cobalt acid. At present, with the continuous improvement of the formula and the improvement of the structure, the nominal voltage of the battery has reached 3.7v, and the capacity has reached or exceeded the level of lithium cobalt oxide battery.

Ternary lithium ion battery is referred to ternary lithium battery. It is a kind of environmental protection battery rapidly promoted by the market and widely used in various fields.

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