What is the maximum voltage of lithium-ion battery?

It depends on whether it is iron lithium-ion battery or ternary lithium-ion battery. If an iron lithium-ion battery is with 20 series, the highest voltage is 72 V, the minimum voltage is 50 V. A single iron lithium-ion battery voltage is 3.2 V nominally, the highest is 3.6 V and the minimum is 2.5 V. If it is a combination, sometimes it is 3 V, so it is possible that there are 21 series, then one more series of voltage should be added. If it is a ternary one, it is possible with 18 series, voltage is 3.6 V nominally, the highest voltage is 4.2 V and the minimum voltage is 3 V. That means it is the highest voltage of 75.6 V, the minimum voltage about 54 V. It should be more accurate to judge based on actual situation of the battery.

Short for lithium batteries, lithium batteries mainly refer to the electrode materials were used in the lithium as the main active material of battery. In this definition, refers to the type of batteries, lithium-ion batteries, including a lithium battery (battery) and lithium secondary battery.

Lithium-ion batteries have the advantages of lightweight durable (compare the lead battery of electric vehicle), the environmental pollution is relatively small.

Is a kind of the graphite anode materials for lithium-ion batteries, battery using nonaqueous electrolyte solution? The inventor of the lithium battery is Edison.

Due to the lithium chemistry is very lively, making lithium metal processing, storage, use, very high demand on the environment. So, the lithium battery has not been applied for a long time. As the end of the twentieth century the development of microelectronics technology, increasing miniaturization of equipment, puts forward high demands on the power supply. Then entered the practical stage of large-scale lithium-ion batteries.

The earliest to use in cardiac pacemaker. Lithium battery self-discharge rate is extremely low, flat discharge voltage. That the implanted pacemaker can long-term operation without recharging the batteries. Lithium batteries tend to have higher than the nominal voltage of 3.0 v, is more suitable for integrated circuit power supply. Manganese dioxide battery, is widely used in computer, calculator, digital camera, a watch.

In order to develop more excellent performance of varieties, people of various materials were studied. To create an unprecedented product. For example, lithium sulfur dioxide battery and lithium thionyl chloride battery is very characteristic. Their positive active material and electrolyte solvent. This structure only in non-aqueous solution of electrochemical system. Therefore, the research of lithium-ion batteries, also promoted the development of non-aqueous system electrochemical theory. In addition to use a variety of nonaqueous solvents, people also has carried on the research of polymer film battery.

Sony in 1992 successfully developed Lithium ion batteries. Its practical application, make people's mobile phones, laptops and other portable electronic equipment, greatly reduce the weight and volume. Use time greatly extended. Because do not contain heavy metal cadmium in lithium ion batteries, compared with the nickel cadmium battery, in theory, some relatively reduced the pollution.

3 c industry often mentioned lithium battery is lithium cobalt, generalized put rechargeable lithium battery is to point to by a graphite anode, a use cobalt, manganese and iron phosphate anode, as well as a kind of used to transport of lithium ion electrolyte. While a lithium ion battery can embed lithium metal or lithium as negative electrode material.

Lithium battery industry for more than 20 years has been focused on, electronic communications, digital industry is given priority to, rarely used in energy storage and power battery (instant need larger current) market, the market covers pure electric vehicles, hybrid vehicles, large UPS, solar energy, large-scale energy storage batteries, electric hand tools, electric motorcycle, electric bicycle,special equipment and aircraft battery, etc.

One of the main reasons is the positive materials, lithium battery using the lithium cobalt (LiCoO2, is the most common type of lithium battery), cannot be applied to large current, high voltage, high torque and puncture to tolerance, impact and high temperature, low temperature and other conditions and other special environment, more importantly, unable to meet the absolute requirement for people to safety to ridicule.

Lithium cobalt, meanwhile, also cannot achieve quick charge battery completely avoiding secondary pollution, such as the purpose, and must be designed to prevent overcharge protection circuit or excessive discharge, otherwise it will cause explosion danger, and even lead to global brands such as Sony battery explosion investing heavily NB industry recovery.

In addition, the price of the cobalt is getting more and more high, the world largest producer of cobalt element, Congo conflict distractions, cobalt element prices rising. Battery lithium cobalt powders for cobalt element prices continue to rise, from the original increase in the price of $40 to $60-70 per kilogram. Lithium iron phosphate powders in accordance with the quality, price in 30 ~ 60 dollars per kilogram.

In the 20 years, countries have invested a lot of resources, looking for can replace or material, to solve the problem of LiCoO2 some achievements.

The principle of lithium ion batteries

Can be a gel electrolyte of lithium ion batteries, polymer (li-ion /Lithium polymer battery mixture of), or gels and polymer. Because can be found at room temperature under the condition of shipping lithium ion polymer, so most of the "plastic seal" lithium/lithium ion Polymer battery in fact is a combination of gel and polymer hybrid batteries.

The physical structure of the positive or negative must be like a sponge, to release or receive lithium ion. When charging, lithium ion from the cathode material removed to the electrolyte, like water again into a sponge into the anode material, this process is known as embedded (Intercalation). Discharge process is reversed.

Advantages and disadvantages of various kinds of lithium ion batteries

The choice of the anode materials determines the capacity of the battery, security, and aging properties. The cobalt especially provides excellent capacity and aging properties, but compared with other materials, the safety of the cobalt has sent.

Lithium cobalt nickel battery

Lithium cobalt nickel battery is lithium cobalt nickel batteries and lithium battery solid solution (complex), both the advantages of lithium nickel and cobalt was industry considered new anode materials are most likely to replace the battery lithium cobalt, cobalt but the positive cells in the process of discharge tends to shape metal lithium. Because of the characteristics of metallic lithium is flammable, if security fails, metallic lithium often cause burning, so security still cannot have greater breakthrough.

Therefore, the main development of the global relevant industry focused on the positive: based on the manganese and iron phosphate "LiNiO2" nickel batteries (lithium), "LiNi0.8 Co0.2 O2" (lithium cobalt nickel battery), "LiMn2O4" (lithium manganese battery), "" (lithium cobalt nickel manganese battery) and LFP (lithium iron phosphate batteries) in order to enhance its security, but the price is to improve the security of battery capacity declined slightly, and make a battery aging faster.

Lithium manganese battery

Lithium manganese battery low cost and safety than lithium cobalt is better, but poor cycle life, and the environment of high temperature cycle life worse, even at high temperature, the phenomenon of the manganese ion dissolution, high temperature caused by self-discharge is serious, so that the energy storage characteristics.

Lithium nickel battery

Lithium nickel battery costs low and high capacitance, however, the production process is difficult and the consistency of the material performance and reproducibility is poor, the most serious is that there are security issues.

Lithium iron phosphate batteries

Lithium iron phosphate batteries with lithium cobalt and lithium manganese, lithium nickel main advantages, but do not contain the valuable elements such as cobalt, raw material prices are low and phosphate, lithium, iron exists in the earth's resources abundant, there will be no problem of feeding, and moderate working voltage (3.2 V), large capacitance (170 mah/g), high discharge power, can fast charge, long cycle life, is regarded as more conform to the requirements of the environmental protection, high performance requirements of lithium ion batteries. About LiMPO4, LiFePO4, LFP, lithium iron phosphate, lithium iron phosphate, lithium iron phosphate, lithium iron phosphate [2]

Lithium iron phosphate batteries, however, is only in theory, safety, slightly higher than the previous lithium ion batteries. It for lithium ion batteries, prone to risk, there is no radical change.

Theoretical charging time of the battery

The theoretical charging time = the capacity of battery divided by the output current of charger.

For example, a capacity of 800 mah battery, the charger output current is 500 ma, so charging time is 800 mah / 500 ma = 1.6 hours, when the completion of the charger showed, it is better to have around half an hour to replenish.

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