What material are lithium batteries made of?

Lithium-ion batteries are divided into two kinds: lithium battery and lithium ion batteries.It is defined according to the existing form lithium, lithium batteries are made from metal lithium electrode, and lithium ion battery in ionic form exists in the electrode.

Lithium battery by corrosion of metallic lithium or called oxidation to produce electricity, out of waste, not charging, so also known as a battery.Lithium ion battery is to use lithium ion concentration difference in energy storage and discharge, does not exist in the metal lithium batteries, therefore also calls the lithium secondary battery.Currently used in mobile phones, cameras, power tools, electric vehicles, energy storage, communication base stations, such as rechargeable lithium batteries, both for lithium ion batteries.Most commonly used visible on the market for lithium ion batteries, lithium-ion batteries you also used abbreviation for lithium battery, this article, the term "lithium battery is mainly refers to the lithium ion battery.

A, the classification of the lithium battery

1, the market on the use of two kinds of classification: according to the sheet material classification and classified by product appearance.

A, according to the sheet material classification

The anode material:lithium iron phosphate batteries（LFP）、Cobalt acid lithium batteries(LCO), manganese acid lithium battery (LMO), (dual battery: nickel/nickel and cobalt acid lithium manganese acid lithium), (3 yuan: nickel cobalt manganese acid lithium battery (sliding), aluminum nickel and cobalt acid lithium batteries (NCA))

Anode materials:Lithium titanate battery(LTO), graphene, carbon nanofibers

On the concept of graphene in the market, is mainly refers to the graphene cells, namely joined graphene in extremely in the slurry, or join the graphene coating on the diaphragm.Lithium nickel acid, magnesium based battery basic does not exist in the market.

B, according to the classification of product appearance

Can be divided into: cylindrical, soft package, square.

Cylindrical and square outer packing for steel or aluminum shell shell.Soft bag packaging for aluminum film, soft bag actually is also a kind of square, used on the market called aluminum-plastic film packaging of soft bags, also some people called soft package battery polymer battery.

For cylindrical lithium ion battery, the model is generally for 5 digits.The first two digits of the diameter of the battery, and the middle two Numbers for the height of the battery.The unit is mm.18650 lithium batteries, for example, it is 18 mm in diameter, height is 65 mm.

C, according to the different electrolyte materials

Lithium ion batteries are divided into liquid lithium ion battery (LIB) andPolymer lithium ion batteries（PLB）。

Liquid lithium ion battery using liquid electrolyte (at present, a lot of power battery for this kind of).Polymer lithium ion battery with solid polymer electrolyte as a substitute for, the polymer can be "dry", also can be "colloidal", at present most of the polymer gel electrolyte.About solid-state batteries, strictly refers to the electrodes and the electrolyte are solid.

D, according to the battery and practical classification performance

Power battery and energy battery.Energy type battery is characteristic with high energy density, it is mainly used for high energy output;Type power battery with high power density characteristics, mainly used for instantaneous high power output, the output of the battery.Type of lithium battery and power energy is accompanied by the emergence of plug-in hybrid and appear.Stored energy is higher, it requires that the battery can support a range of pure electric drive, also want to have good power characteristics, when low battery into a hybrid model.

Simple understanding, energy type is similar to a marathon runner, must have the stamina, would require high capacity, the large current discharge performance requirements is not high;Then power type is sprinter, spelling is the force of the outbreak, but endurance also should have, or ran near capacity is too small.

Second, the lithium battery materials

Four big advocate material: cathode materials, anode materials, membrane, electrolyte

Auxiliary materials: NMP, copper foil, aluminum foil, aluminum plate, conductive agent, binder and other (EMD), etc.

Lithium battery ", is a kind of lithium metal or lithium alloy anode materials, the use of water battery electrolyte solution.Lithium battery as early as 1912 by Gil

e

TN. Lewis and study are put forward.In the 1970 s, M.S.W hittingham and began to research on lithium ion battery are put forward.Due to the lithium chemistry is very lively, making lithium metal processing, storage, use, very high demand on the environment.So, the lithium battery has not been applied for a long time.With the development of science and technology, the lithium battery has now become the mainstream.

Lithium battery can be roughly divided into two categories: lithium battery and lithium ion batteries.Lithium ion battery does not contain lithium metal state, and can be recharged.The fifth generation of rechargeable battery product lithium battery was born in 1996, its security, specific capacity, self-discharge rate and cost performance is better than that of lithium ion batteries.Because of its high technical requirements limit, now only a few countries in the production of this kind of lithium battery.

Carbon anode materials

Have actual anode materials for lithium ion batteries are basically carbon materials, such as artificial graphite, natural graphite, carbon mesophase microsphere resin, petroleum coke, carbon fiber, pyrolysis carbon, etc.

Tin based anode materials

Tin based anode materials can be divided into tin oxides and tin base composite oxide two kinds.Refers to the various valence metal tin oxide.No commercial product.

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