What are the advantages of lithium-ion batteries?

A. High energy density

The weight of a lithium-ion battery is half that of a nickel-cadmium or nickel-hydrogen battery of the same capacity, and the volume is 40-50% of nickel-cadmium and 20-30% of nickel-hydrogen.

B. High voltage

A lithium-ion battery cell operates at 3.7V (average), which is equivalent to three nickel-cadmium or nickel-hydrogen batteries connected in series.

C. No pollution

Lithium-ion batteries do not contain harmful metal substances such as cadmium, lead, and mercury.

D. No metal lithium

Lithium-ion batteries do not contain metal lithium and thus are not subject to the restrictions imposed by aircraft on the prohibition of carrying lithium batteries in passenger aircraft.

E. High cycle life

Under normal conditions, the charge and discharge cycle of a lithium-ion battery can exceed 500 times.

F. No memory effect

The memory effect refers to the phenomenon that the capacity of the battery decreases during the charging and discharging cycle of the nickel-cadmium battery. Lithium-ion batteries do not have this effect.

G. Fast charging

A constant current-constant voltage charger with a rated voltage of 4.2V can be used to fully charge a lithium-ion battery in one to two hours.

The main advantages of lithium-ion batteries:

1. The energy ratio is relatively high. With high storage energy density, it has reached 460-600Wh/kg, which is about 6-7 times of lead-acid battery;

2. Long service life, the service life can reach more than 6 years, lithium iron phosphate as the positive battery with 1CDOD charge and discharge, there are records that can be used 10,000 times;

3. The rated voltage is high (the single working voltage is 3.7V or 3.2V), which is equal to the series voltage of 3 nickel-cadmium or nickel-hydrogen rechargeable batteries, which is convenient to form the battery power pack;

4. With high power bearing capacity, which lithium iron phosphate lithium-ion battery for electric vehicles can achieve 15-30C charge and discharge capacity, easy to start high-intensity acceleration;

5. The self-discharge rate is very low, which is one of the most outstanding advantages of the battery, currently can generally achieve 1% / month, less than 1 / 20 of nickel-hydrogen battery;

6. Lightweight, the weight of the same volume is about 1/5-6 of lead-acid products;

7. High temperature and low adaptability, can be used in the environment of -20 ° C -60 ° C, after the process of processing, can be used in -45 ° C environment;

8. Green and environmental protection, no matter whether it is produced, used or scrapped it does not contain any toxic and harmful heavy metal elements and substances such as lead, mercury, and cadmium.

9. Production basically does not consume water, which is very beneficial for China that lacks water.

Lithium-ion batteries have high energy density and high average output voltage. Self-discharge is a small, good battery, less than 2% per month (recoverable). There is no memory effect. The operating temperature range is -20 ° C ~ 60 ° C. Excellent cycle performance, fast charge and discharge, charging efficiency up to 100%, and high output power. long-lasting. It does not contain toxic or hazardous substances and is called a green battery.

A "lithium battery" is a type of battery using a lithium metal or a lithium alloy as a negative electrode material and using a nonaqueous electrolyte solution. Lithium metal batteries were first proposed and studied by Gilbert N. Lewis in 1912. In the 1970s, MS Whittingham proposed and began researching lithium-ion batteries. Due to the very active chemical properties of lithium metal, the processing, storage, and use of lithium metal are very demanding on the environment. Therefore, lithium batteries have not been used for a long time. With the development of science and technology, lithium batteries have become the mainstream.

Lithium batteries can be roughly divided into two categories: lithium metal batteries and lithium ion batteries. Lithium-ion batteries do not contain metallic lithium and are rechargeable. The fifth-generation lithium-metal battery of rechargeable batteries was born in 1996, and its safety, specific capacity, self-discharge rate, and performance price ratio are better than lithium-ion batteries. Due to its own high technical requirements, only a few companies in the country are producing such lithium metal batteries.

Lithium batteries were first used in pacemakers. The lithium battery has a very low self-discharge rate and a flat discharge voltage so that the pacemaker implanted in the human body can operate for a long time without recharging. Lithium batteries generally have a nominal voltage higher than 3.0 volts, making them more suitable for use as integrated circuit power supplies. Manganese dioxide batteries are widely used in calculators, digital cameras, and watches.

In order to develop more excellent varieties, various materials have been studied to create an unprecedented product.

In 1992, Sony successfully developed lithium-ion batteries. Its practicality has greatly reduced the weight and volume of portable electronic devices such as mobile phones, notebooks, and calculators.

1. In the 1970s, Exxon's MS Whittingham used titanium sulfide as the positive electrode material and lithium metal as the negative electrode material to make the first lithium battery.

2. In 1980, J. Goodenough discovered that lithium cobaltate can be used as a positive electrode material for lithium ion batteries.

3. In 1982, RRAgarwal and JRselman of the Illinois Institute of Technology discovered that lithium ions have the property of being embedded in graphite. This process is fast and reversible. At the same time, the lithium battery made of lithium metal has attracted much attention, so people tried to make a rechargeable battery by utilizing the characteristics of lithium ion embedded graphite. The first available lithium-ion graphite electrode was successfully produced by Bell Labs.

4. In 1983, M. Thackeray and J. Goodenough discovered that manganese spinel is an excellent cathode material with low cost, stability and excellent conductivity and lithium guiding properties. The decomposition temperature is high, and the oxidation is much lower than that of lithium cobaltate. Even if short circuit or overcharge occurs, the risk of burning and explosion can be avoided.

5. In 1989, A. Manthiram and J. Goodenough discovered that a positive electrode with a polymeric anion would produce a higher voltage.

6. In 1991, Sony released the first commercial lithium-ion battery. Subsequently, lithium-ion batteries revolutionized the face of consumer electronics.

7. In 1996, Padhi and Goodenough discovered that phosphates with olivine structure, such as lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4), are superior to traditional cathode materials and have become the mainstream cathode materials.

With the widespread use of digital products such as mobile phones, notebook computers, etc., lithium-ion batteries are widely used in such products with excellent performance and are gradually being developed into other product applications. In 1998, Tianjin Power Research Institute began commercial production of lithium-ion batteries. Habitually, people also call lithium-ion batteries lithium batteries, but these two batteries are not the same. Lithium-ion batteries have become mainstream.

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