How should the power battery recycling and maintenance mechanism be established

While the new energy vehicle industry is booming, the issue of power battery recycling and utilization has also become the focus of attention in the industry. After the development of recent years, the batch waste period of new energy vehicles is approaching. If a large number of decommissioned batteries cannot be properly recovered and used, it will not only lead to the waste of resources but also bring about environmental pollution and other problems.

"With the establishment of the extended producer responsibility system with the whole vehicle company as the main body, the power battery recycling industry has entered a crucial period of channel construction. "The former deputy inspector of the Department of Energy Conservation and Comprehensive Utilization of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology and the Secretary-General of the China Electronic Energy Saving Technology Association, Huang Jian-Zhong, said on April 17 at the 7th Symposium on Vehicle Power Battery Recycling and Secondary Battery Recycling and Regeneration Technology. The design and production of power battery and the recycling and disposal of used power battery are in the initial stage of development.

Industry pain point: high cost, a weak economy

The retirement period of new energy passenger vehicles is usually 5 years, and that of passenger cars and commercial vehicles is 3 years. Before 2022, retired batteries will be dominated by lithium iron phosphate batteries. After 2022, the decommissioning of ternary batteries will be the same as that of lithium iron phosphate, and will gradually reverse. The theoretical decommissioning of power cells in 2018 is expected to be 5.14 GWh, and the source of decommissioning is mainly new energy passenger cars.

The reporter learned that the enterprises that have been deployed related businesses are mainly divided into five categories: traditional recycling enterprises, emerging recycling enterprises, battery PACK plants, battery materials companies, and vehicle factories.

Different types of enterprises have different advantages and disadvantages. For example, traditional recycling enterprises have a comparative advantage in recycling channels, material recycling technology, battery fragmentation technology, and smelting technology. However, due to their lack of power battery sources, they still need to cooperate with vehicle factories and waste reporting plants. The advantages of emerging recycling enterprises are mainly reflected in the technology of battery fragmentation and dismantling.

At present, the treatment methods of used power cells mainly include fire smelting technology and wet smelting technology. Wang Haibei, director of the Metallurgical Research and Design Institute of Beijing Mining and Metallurgical Technology Group Co., Ltd., said that the smelting process of existing technologies is very complex and difficult.

"The smooth operation of the recycling system needs to be based on profit. If there is no profit drive, it can not fully increase the enthusiasm of the company. "Wang Haibei said frankly that" the investment in the existing recycling technology investment and the construction of recycling outlets are very large. Although many companies have tried the layout, few companies have dug up large barrels of gold. "

What cannot be ignored is that the battery recycling process will produce toxic electrolytes and harmful gases. If it is not properly handled, it will cause great harm to the environment and human health. "Some companies use high-temperature heating or burning during processing, and lax control can easily endanger workers 'health. "Harbin Barteri Resources Recycling Technology Co., Ltd. General Manager Ming Yuebin pointed out.

Government enterprises are working together to find ways to break down

In response to the above problems, the relevant departments of the state have issued a series of industrial policies to guide and regulate the power battery recycling industry.

In February this year, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology and other seven ministries and commissions jointly issued the Interim Measures for the Management of the Recovery and Utilization of New Energy Vehicle Power Battery, which clearly defines the main responsibility of automobile manufacturers for power battery recovery. In March, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology and other seven ministries and commissions jointly issued the "Notice on Organizing the Pilot Work on the Recovery and Utilization of New Energy Vehicle Power Battery", proposing to carry out power battery recycling trials in selected areas such as Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta and Central China. With the pilot as the center, radiation to the surrounding area.

"The issuance of the above notice marks the gradual completion of China's recycling policy system. Mr. Yang Qingyu believes that "the pace of policy issuance will accelerate with the continued breakthroughs in relevant technologies, and the relevant standards are expected to be released this year." "

Participants believe that there are not small differences in the type of battery, battery capacity, and voltage platform of new energy vehicles. This is the power battery ladder used by Diyidaokan. Therefore, how to scientifically evaluate retired batteries has also become a decision. The first level of the battery "where to go".

"The retired battery evaluation process is mainly to collect online and offline data and upload it to the monitoring platform at the same time so that the battery pack can be analyzed and processed and performance evaluated. Li Pengfei, technical director of Beijing Artisanal Battery Technology Co., Ltd., pointed out that from the assessment results, the echelon utilization value of the ternary battery is greater than that of direct dismantling.

According to the report, after the retired battery evaluation is passed, the echelon can be used to help the energy storage system improve the overall economy and maximize the cycle life of the lithium battery. At present, many enterprises have carried out demonstration projects for echelon utilization.

Shanghai Xida New Energy Technology Co., Ltd., marketing deputy general director Zhang Wei told the reporter: "The original prediction of the decay rate of battery echelon utilization was 3-5 <UNK>, but from the perspective of the actual operation of the project, most of the charged and discharged data were removed from the cold months. There is no attenuation, Even below the decay rate of the new battery. "

For the treatment of toxic gases, Mingyuebin believes that pipeline mechanical equipment can be used to treat the batteries and modules as a whole, recover the electrolyte as a whole, and use separation technology to separate the material and the positive and negative powder to obtain the final metal shell. "Since the diaphragm is completely recycled, it does not become a harmful gas. ' she added.

Deep cooperation to polish industrial chains

It is understood that the power battery recycling system involves many stakeholders such as car enterprises, battery production enterprises, battery recycling enterprises, etc.. The chain is long, and there are still many difficulties in the actual operation process.

In this regard, Xie Shaozhong, general manager of Jiangxi Weifeng Recycling Technology Co., Ltd., gave suggestions: "All links in the industrial chain need to be worn together, but the overall principle should be 'professional people do professional things'. For example, the automobile enterprises set up recycling channels, and after recycling, they are handed over to comprehensive utilization enterprises for professional treatment. All links in the industrial chain are deeply cooperative. "

It is reported that there have been a number of enterprises layout power battery recycling use of this blue sea:

At the end of 2017, Beiqi New Energy issued the "Optimus Prime Plan": By 2022, it is expected that it will invest 10 billion Yuan to build 3,000 optical storage and power stations nationwide, and a total of 500,000 vehicles will be put into use. The use of terraced energy storage batteries exceeds 5GWh.

In January 2018, China Tower Company signed a strategic partnership agreement with 16 companies such as Sandar Group to recycle new energy automotive power batteries. The China Tower Company will use power batteries that have been retired from pure electric buses. After testing, sorting, and restructuring, it will replace lead-acid batteries for communication base stations.

"Both car companies and power battery companies are working hard to implement the advanced concept of producer responsibility extension. It is hoped that each participating Fangdu can explore the establishment of a model and mechanism for power battery recovery that is suitable for the characteristics of industries, enterprises, and products from the perspective of corporate social responsibility. "Huang Jian-Zhong pointed out," If the finishing touch of the power battery is Ladderable utilization and resource disposal, then the establishment of the recovery model and mechanism will be its source of inspiration. "

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