Electric vehicle charging standard

Everyone should have heard that no matter what kind of charging method, communication and information exchange between the charging pile and the battery of the electric vehicle are all crucial, then what are the standards for the charging interface of the electric vehicle? What are their advantages and disadvantages?

Everyone should have heard that no matter what kind of charging method, communication and information exchange between the charging pile and the battery of the electric vehicle are all crucial, then what are the standards for the charging interface of the electric vehicle? What are their advantages and disadvantages? Nowadays, there are five kinds of electric vehicle charging interfaces and standards popular in the world. Next, follow the electric state small series to see the electric vehicle charging standard, five charging interface standards.

Electric vehicle charging standard, five charging interface standards - CHAdeMO fast charging socket

CHAdeMO is a CHAdeMO socket supported by Nissan and Mitsubishi Motors, and Chademo translates from Japanese to mean "the charging time is as short as a coffee break." This DC fast charging socket can provide a charging capacity of up to 50kw. Electric vehicle models that support this charging standard include: Nissan Leaf, Mitsubishi Outlander Plug-in Hybrid, Citroen C-ZERO, Peugeot iON, Citroen Berlingo, Peugeot Partner, Mitsubishi i-MiEV, Mitsubishi MINICAB-MiEV, Mitsubishi MINICAB-MiEV Truck , Honda Fit electric version, Mazda DEMIOEV, Subaru Stella plug-in hybrid car, Nissan eEV200 and so on.

It should be noted here that Nissan Leaf and Mitsubishi i-MiEV electric vehicles have two different charging sockets, one for the basic J1772 connector, which is the Combo connector described in the first part; the other is for Japan's native CHAdeMO standard connector. The fast charging method adopted by CHAdeMO is controlled by the CAN bus signal of the car. That is, while monitoring the battery state, the current value required for charging is calculated in real time, and the notification is sent to the charger through the communication line; the fast charger receives the current command from the car in time, and supplies the current according to the specified value.

The battery management system monitors the battery condition while controlling the current in real time, fully realizing the functions required for fast and safe charging, ensuring that charging is not limited by battery versatility. In Japan, 1,154 sets of quick chargers installed in accordance with the CHAdeMO standard are put into use. In the United States, CHAdeMO's charging stations have also been widely spread. The latest data from the US Department of Energy shows that there are 1,344 CHAdeMO AC fast charging stations in the United States.

In addition to the data control line, CHAdeMO also uses the CAN bus as the communication interface. Due to its superior noise immunity and high error detection capability, communication stability and reliability are high. Its good charging safety record has been recognized by the industry. However, CHAdeMO was originally designed to have a charging output of 100 kW and the connector is very bulky, but the output power of the charging car is only 50 kW.

Electric vehicle charging standard, five charging interface standard - Combo socket

The Combo socket allows for slow charging and fast charging of electric vehicles. It is the most widely used socket type in Europe, including Audi, BMW, Chrysler, Daimler, Ford, GM, Porsche and Volkswagen interface. And such sockets are also compatible with the Mennekes type.

Combo sockets allow for slow and fast charging of electric vehicles. They are the most widely used socket types in Europe, including Audi, BMW, Chrysler, Daimler, Ford, General Motors, Porsche and Volkswagen. SAE (American Society of Automotive Engineers) ) The charging interface was developed. On October 2, 2012, the SAEJ1772 revised draft voted by the SAE committee concerned became the only official DC charging standard in the world. The introduction of this standard is to change the status quo of the hybrid charging system and enhance consumers' enthusiasm for purchasing electric vehicles. This basic connector has been widely used today.

The previous version of the standard (developed in 2010) specifies the specifications of the basic J1772 connector for AC charging, with a low level of charge (AC Level 1 for 120V and Level 2 for 240V). This basic connector has been widely used today and is compatible with Nissan Leaf, Chevrolet Volt and Mitsubishi i-MiEV. In addition to all the original functions, the ComboConnector in the new J1772 standard, which was developed in 2012, has two additional pins for DC fast charging, but it is not compatible with the old electric cars currently produced.

The biggest benefit of ComboConnector is that future car manufacturers can use a socket on their new models, not only for the first generation of smaller basic AC connectors, but also for the second generation of larger ComboConnectors, which can Both DC and AC currents are supplied and charged at two different speeds. However, in the fast charge mode, the charging station is required to provide up to 500 volts and 200 amps of current.

Electric vehicle charging standard, five charging interface standards - Tesla socket

Tesla's sockets are undoubtedly very strong, claiming to be able to run more than 300 kilometers in 30 minutes. Therefore, its charging socket has a maximum capacity of 120kw and a maximum current of 80A, which is the industry leader. Tesla has its own charging standard, which claims to be able to run more than 300 kilometers in 30 minutes. Therefore, its charging socket can have a maximum capacity of 120kw and a maximum current of 80A.

Tesla currently has 908 super charging stations in the United States. In order to enter China, Tesla has also established 7 super charging stations in China, 3 in Shanghai, 2 in Beijing, 1 in Hangzhou and 1 in Shenzhen. In addition, in order to better integrate into various regions, Tesla plans to abandon the control of charging standards and adopt the national standards of various countries, which have been implemented in China.

Electric vehicle charging standard, five charging interface standards - Mennekes fast charging socket

This is an AC fast charging standard and the second most reliable type of charging type socket under the EU standard system. This type of charging station can be found in almost all European countries. This three-phase AC charging solution can support up to 44kw capacity and was introduced and named by the German company Mennekes.

Electric vehicle charging standard, five charging interface standards - CEE standard charging

The CEE plug is the most widely used electrical outlet for both home and outdoor charging stations. This 12kw AC charging socket with a maximum of 32A can be used as a slow charging method.

SAE has selected a joint charging system as its standard. In addition to SAE, the European Automobile Manufacturers Association (ACEA) has also announced the selection of a combined charging system as a DC/AC charging interface, starting in 2017 for all sales in Europe. Electric electric car, since Germany and China unified the charging standards for electric vehicles last year, China has also joined the European and American system, which has brought unprecedented opportunities for the development of electric vehicles in China. ZINORO 1E, Audi A3e-tron, Beiqi E150EV, BMW i3, Tengshi, Volkswagen e-up, Changan Yidong EV and SmartEV are all part of the "CCS" standard camp. The three German automakers, BMW, Daimler and Volkswagen, will increase their investment in electric vehicles in China, and CCS standards will be more favorable to China. However, electric vehicles that support the "CCS" standard are either selling less or just starting to sell.

It is not known which socket is finally used as a general standard, but the experience we can learn from the evolution of German charging standards is:

1. Fast charge generally uses DC, slow charge uses AC.

2. AC and DC future use of unified excuse standards is a trend.

3. Fast charge generally only charges up to 80% in half an hour to protect the battery.

4. Regardless of the charging method, the communication and information exchange between the charging post and the battery of the electric vehicle is crucial.

This is the electric vehicle charging standard summarized by Xiaobian, five charging interface standards. Some time ago, Tesla China announced that it will support the national standard charging standard in the future, but in addition to the matching of the charging interface, it depends on whether the charging pile power matches Tesla battery. The inconsistency of the charging standard is a real problem that plagues many people. The charging interfaces are different, and the charging technology is also different.

The page contains the contents of the machine translation.