What is the lithium battery made of?

Lithium battery materials are mainly divided into:

Carbon negative material

The negative electrode materials that have been actually used in lithium ion batteries are basically carbon materials, such as artificial graphite, natural graphite, intermediate phase carbon microspheres, petroleum Coke, carbon fiber, and pyrolysis resin carbon and etc.

Tin base negative electrode material

Tin negative electrode materials can be divided into tin oxides and tin composite oxides. Oxides refer to oxides of various valence metals. No commercial products.

Nitride

There are no commercial products.

Alloy

Including tin-based alloys, silicon-based alloys, germanium alloys, aluminum-based alloys, antimony alloys, magnesium alloys, and other alloys, there are no commercial products.

Nano grade

Carbon nano tubes, nano alloy materials.

Nano oxide

At present, according to the latest trends in the market development of the new energy industry of lithium batteries in 2009, many companies have begun to use Nano titanium oxide and nano Silicon oxide to be added to the traditional graphite, tin oxide, and nano carbon tubes, greatly increasing the charge and discharge of lithium batteries. Number of charge and discharge times.

I .Lithium battery classification

1, the market is used in the two classification methods: classified by polar material and classified by the appearance of the product.

A, classified by polar material

Positive materials: lithium iron phosphate battery(LFP), lithium cobalt acid battery(LCO), lithium manganese acid battery(LMO),(binary battery: lithium nickel-cobalt manganese acid/lithium nickel-cobalt cobalt acid),(ternary: nickel-cobalt manganese acid battery(NCM), nickel-cobalt aluminum acid lithium battery(NCA) )))

Negative materials: lithium titanate battery(LTO), graphene battery, Nano carbon fiber battery

Regarding the concept of graphene on the market, it mainly refers to graphene-based batteries, that is, graphene slurry is added to the electrode, or graphene coating is added to the diaphragm. Lithium nickel acid and magnesium based batteries are basically non-existent in the market.

B, by product appearance

Divided into: cylindrical, soft package, Square.

Cylinders and square outer packaging are mostly steel shells or aluminum shells. The soft package is packaged in aluminum plastic film. In fact, the soft package is also a kind of square. The market is accustomed to packaging aluminum plastic film as a soft package, and some people call the soft package battery as a polymer battery.

For cylindrical lithium-ion batteries, the model is generally a 5-digit number. The first two digits are the diameter of the battery and the middle two digits are the height of the battery. The unit is mm. For example, the 18650 lithium battery has a diameter of 18 mm and a height of 65 mm.

C, by electrolyte material

Lithium-ion batteries are divided into liquid lithium-ion batteries(LIB) and polymer lithium-ion batteries(PLB).

Liquid lithium-ion batteries use liquid electrolytes(currently power batteries are mostly such). Polymer lithium-ion batteries are replaced by solid polymer electrolytes. This polymer can be "dry" or "colloidal," and most of them currently use polymer gel electrolytes. With regard to solid-state batteries, strictly speaking, it means that both electrodes and electrolytes are solid.

D, by battery utility

Power type batteries and energy type batteries. Energy-type batteries are characterized by high energy density and are mainly used for high energy output; The power type battery is characterized by high power density and is mainly used for batteries with instantaneous high power output and output. The power energy type lithium battery is accompanied by the appearance of plug-in hybrid cars. It requires the battery to store higher energy, can support a distance of pure electric driving, but also have a good power characteristics, into the hybrid mode at low power.

Simply understood, the energy type is similar to a marathon runner. To have endurance is to require high capacity and not to require high current discharge performance. Then the power type is the sprinter, the fight is the burst force, but the endurance also needs, otherwise the capacity is too small to run far.

II .Composition of lithium battery materials

Four main materials: positive electrode material, negative electrode material, diaphragm, electrolyte

Accessories: NMP, copper foil, aluminum foil, aluminum cover plate, conductive agent, binder, other(EMD) and so on.

III. Production process

The manufacturing process of lithium batteries can be divided into four main processes: electrode production, core assembly, activation detection and battery assembly. Among them, electrode production includes the production of positive and negative tablets. The main links include ingredients, stirring, coating, roller pressure, sectioning and polar ear.

IIII .Equipment required for production

According to the production process of lithium ion batteries, lithium electric equipment can be mainly divided into front-end equipment, mid-end equipment and back-end equipment.

The front end equipment is mainly for the electrode production process, including vacuum mixer, coating machine, roller press and cutting machine. The coating process requires that the stirred slurry be evenly coated on the metal with a thickness of less than 3 μm. The cutting must ensure that there is no burr on the surface of the slice, otherwise it will have a great impact on the subsequent process. Therefore, the front-end equipment is the core equipment for battery manufacturing and it is related to the quality of the entire production line.

The mid-end equipment mainly covers the assembly process of the electric core, mainly including winding machines or stacking machines, electric core shell machines, injection machines, and sealing welding equipment.

The rear end equipment mainly covers the process of core activation, separation capacity detection, and assembly into a battery pack. Relatively speaking, the middle and rear end equipment such as shell, sealing, testing and other machines are relatively simple, and the technical requirements are not high.

The page contains the contents of the machine translation.