Talking about the principle and classification of lithium battery and lithium ion battery

Battery Batteries are energy conversion and storage devices that convert chemical or physical energy into electrical energy through a reaction; Li-ion is a chemical power source that uses lithium metal as the negative electrode. Since the idea was put forward in 1958, development has been extremely rapid and has been put into production very quickly. Then from the mid-1980s to the early 1990s, Sony further developed and formed a lithium-ion battery, because it has high energy, high voltage, long life, no memory effect, no pollution, good cost performance and favorable battery, the highest energy storage density. It can greatly reduce the weight of mobile phones, etc. It is the leader in the battery industry and an ideal power source for small portable electrical equipment such as mobile communication, notebook computers, and camcorders.

First, the principle and identification

Lithium-ion batteries have ions in the positive and negative electrodes and the separator. The positive electrode is a transition metal oxide containing lithium, such as LiCoO2, LiMn204, etc. The reaction process is Li-Co02Lil-xCoO2+xLi+xe-; the negative electrode is a carbon material such as graphite. Mainly charged with C, the reaction is C+xLi+xe-CLix; the amount of electrolyte is an organic solution containing potassium salt; the total reaction is LiCo02+Lil-XCoO2+CLix. A reverse reaction occurs when discharging. Lithium ions are orientated in the positive and negative electrodes and the electrolyte membrane during operation. During charging, it is driven out from the positive electrode by the electric field, inserted into the negative electrode through the electrolyte, and returned to the positive electrode during discharge.

The identification of lithium-ion battery consists of three parts: the example LC18650 represents a cylindrical structure with a diameter of 18mm and a height of 65mm; LP083448SH represents a high-capacity square structure of steel shell. The thickness is 8mm, the height is 48mm, the width is 34mm; LP083467AR means the aluminum shell rounded square structure. The thickness is 8 mm, the height is 67 mm, and the width is 34 mm.

Second, classification

There are many varieties of lithium batteries, and at the same time, many classification methods have been produced, which are mainly divided into two types depending on the electrolyte used and the way of working.

Electrolyte

Lithium batteries can be classified into four categories according to the nature and composition of the electrolyte.

(1) An organic electrolyte battery uses an organic solvent which is liquid at a normal temperature as an electrolyte;

(2) An inorganic electrolyte battery using an inorganic nonaqueous solvent which is liquid at a normal temperature as an electrolyte;

(3) A solid electrolyte battery uses a solid lithium ion conductor as an electrolyte;

(4) The molten salt battery is solid at normal temperature. An inorganic salt which is liquid at a high temperature serves as an electrolyte.

Way of working

According to different working methods, it can be divided into 3 categories.

(1) The primary battery is also called a primary battery and is a lithium battery. It can be discharged continuously or intermittently. Once the power is exhausted, it can no longer be used. It is currently widely used in electronic products with low power consumption such as cameras;

(2) The reserved type is divided into two types. One is that the positive and negative anode groups are in a dry state, the electrolyte is stored in the liquid storage chamber, and when activated, the activation device is activated to force the electrolyte into the electrode group to discharge, it is a molten salt. When it is used, the ignition device is activated to melt and discharge the electrolyte;

(3) Secondary battery, also known as a lithium battery, is a lithium-ion battery, after discharge to the termination voltage. It can be used after being charged, and it is widely used in electronic products such as camcorders, digital cameras, mobile phones, and notebook computers that consume large amounts of electricity.

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