Brief Introduction of Power Battery Recycling Channel and Key Technologies

New energy automobile production in China will be more than 1 million mark in 2018, and than 2 million vehicles in 2020.The stock is more than 5 million vehicles. In 2015, it is the first year of China's popularization and application of new energy. 2018 Power battery Retiring on a large scale tide is about to open, which will enter the outbreak in 2019.

In this paper, the three aspects of knowledge: one is power battery for the seriousness of the pollution of the environment; Second, the power battery recycling economy; Three is the main power battery recycling technology, as well as to the power battery recycling.

First, power battery for environmental pollution severity

Lithium ion power battery Large-scale retirement as a waste, there must be a bad influence to the environment, will bring certain environmental pollution. Although lithium ion power battery does not contain mercury, cadmium, lead and other toxic heavy metal elements, and relatively lead-acid batteries, environmental friendliness is higher, but the metal ions, lithium ion power battery cathode carbon dust and the strong alkali and heavy metal ions in the electrolyte, can cause heavy pollution of the environment, including the PH of the soil. Lithium metal and the electrolyte in the battery, such as cobalt element may cause intestinal disorders, deafness, myocardial ischemia and other symptoms. At present, the battery of resource recycling ability is limited, most of the disposal of waste batteries are not effective, the main waste battery treatment is curing deep, deposited in the waste processing measures, such as mine, if the size is too big, will bring potential threat to the natural environment and human health.

In a word, if lithium ion power battery retired on a large scale, must be attached great importance to people, must treat seriously, err on the side of handle.

Second, non-ferrous metal recycling and primary metal refining process energy consumption is much less

Have information, ternary lithium battery in an average content of 1.9% 12.1%, cobalt, nickel 12.1%;In addition, copper, aluminum and other proportion reached 13.3% and 12.7%.Cobalt has the very good ductility and ferromagnetism, high temperature resistance, corrosion resistance, magnetic properties, are widely used inspecial, machinery manufacturing, electrical and electronics, chemical, ceramics and other industrial fields. In 2015 world output cobalt ore 123800 tons, Congo's cobalt (gold) output 63000 tons, accounting for more than 50%, China's output of 7700 tons, only accounted for 6.2%.For China, cobalt is scarce resources. So from the waste battery recycling cobalt has better economical efficiency; Lithium is Power lithium battery The main elements, lithium resources widely distributed in nature, however, the extraction process of lithium resources industry barriers is higher.

Because of new energy vehicles drive demand growing, more and more enterprises begin to pay close attention to the lithium battery recycling, and through the battery recycling raw materials, production of batteries, the energy saving rate is between 70% ~ 90%.Through the battery recycling raw materials, batteries, has absolute advantage in the aspect of energy conservation and emissions reduction, the macro economy is self-evident.

Third, power battery recycling channel analysis

Power battery retired from the car, the charge and discharge performance cannot meet the power demand of the vehicle, but the chemical composition of the battery doesn't change, can be applied to electric power demand lower than a car, used in energy storage or related power station, street lamps and low-speed electric car body, again after the last again into the recycling system. Sum up, is divided into two cycle:

(1) arrangement in use:

Lower battery capacity, battery cannot make normal operation of electric vehicles, still can continue to use in other way, such as for power energy storage.(note: the battery itself is not scrap)

(2) dismantling:

The battery can't continue to use, because the battery capacity loss serious, only the battery recycling processing, recycling of renewable resources of use value.

Producer responsibility the Chinese government clearly using system, as shown in figure (1).But the implementation of this system, there has been no gripper. Recycling channels has not yet been established, which is the current urgent to solve the key problems.

There are channels:

(1) recovery of small workshops

Some more recycling and low cost. But these small workshops, no technical protection measures, prone to safety

(2) professional recycling companies

Advanced technology and equipment, process specification, strong comprehensive strength, is power battery recycling backbone enterprises. But how to guarantee the enterprise "and" figure? The market has not grown up, how to implement the government policy, etc., and in-depth study.

(3) waste materials recycling association

Waste materials recycling association, the member units, contact more extensive, recycling network is perfect. But at present this kind of organization, haven't started on power battery recycling business. How to reasonable layout of power battery recycling market? How to regulate land management? There is a lot of work to do.

Four, waste Lithium ion batteries Recycling technology of classification

Classified according to different extraction technology, lithium ion battery recycling technology can be divided into three categories:

(1) dry recovery technology

Mainly include mechanical separation method and high temperature pyrolysis method (or high temperature metallurgical method), as shown in table (1).Dry recycling process is shorter, the recycling pertinence is not strong, is to realize the separation of metal recycling preliminary stage. Mainly is the solution and other media, direct implementation material or the valuable metal recycling method, mainly through physical separation method and high-temperature pyrolysis, and coarse sieve classification for crushing the battery, or high temperature decomposition to remove organic matter in order to further elements of the collection.

(2) the wet recovery technology

Recovery technology by wet process is complicated, see table (2), but the recovery of valuable metals is higher, is currently the main processing waste nickel metal hydride battery and lithium ion battery technology. Wet recovery technology is based on all kinds of acid, alkaline solution transfer medium, the metal ions from the electrode material is transferred to leach liquor, again through the means such as ion exchange, precipitation, adsorption, the metal ions in the form of salts and oxides extracted from the solution.

(3) biological recovery technology:

At present, the research on biological recycling technology has just started, is the ideal lithium ion battery recycling technology development direction. Biological recovery technology with low cost and low pollution, the characteristics of the reusable. Mainly using microbial leaching, useful part of the system and selectively dissolved into soluble compounds, get effective metal solution, implement target parts and impurity separation, lithium recovery of valuable metals such as in the end.

The whole recycling process generally can be divided into four parts: (1) the pretreatment part;(2) electrode materials to repair;(3) the valuable metal leaching;(4) chemical purification.

First step: pretreatment process, its purpose is preliminary separation recycling old valuable part of the lithium ion battery, efficient selective collecting electrode materials of high value-added part, in order to facilitate the subsequent recovery process smoothly. Pretreatment process generally is a combination of crushing, grinding, screening and physical separation method.

The second step: material separation. Enrichment of preprocessing stage got a mixture of the positive and negative electrode materials, for separating recycling Co, Li, and other valuable metals, need to be mixed for selective electrode materials are extracted. Material separation process can also be in accordance with the dry recovery, wet recovery and recycling.

Step 3: chemical purification. Its aim is to get the process of leaching solution of metal separation and purification and recycling all kinds of high added value.

Fifth, the summary

1 lithium ion batteries than lead-acid batteries some environmental protection, but also to the environment pollution. In the face of large-scale power battery, using the basic ways are: one is arrangement in use; The second is the recycling of the waste lithium ion battery.

(2) the recycling of the waste lithium ion battery technology mature, need not worry too much.

(3) the development of new energy vehicles, it is the Chinese government to deal with gasoline (diesel) oil not safety of external dependence is getting higher and higher, and the measures; Second, the lithium ion battery than lead-acid battery more environmentally friendly;3 it is lithium ion battery environmental problem, has a mature technology that can handle.

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